Search results for "OSTEOCLAST"

Epidermal IL-17A leads to bone loss through inhibition of osteoblast differentiation

2012

The AP-1 transcription factor family is a central regulator of skin and bone homeostasis. We have previously shown that specific deletion of JunB/AP-1 in epidermis (JunBmice) results in skin inflammation,myeloproliferative disease, lupus-like disease and osteopenia. While upregulation of serum IL-6 and G-CSF are observed in this model, genetic deletion of these cytokines does not rescue osteopenia in JunB mice. Thus, we carried out a screen for other cytokines that are regulated by the loss of JunB in the epidermis. We have identified IL-17A as a cytokine expressed in JunB epidermis in vivo, and hypothesize that IL-17A leads to osteopenia in JunBmice. To test this,we carried out osteoblast …

Editorial: CSF1R, CSF-1, and IL-34, a "menage a trois" conserved across vertebrates.

2010

Abstract Editorial discusses the perspectives opened by the recently discovered IL-34, its conservation across species in the biology of the cytokine CSF-1, and identification of a new CSF-1R ligand that could together account for the well-known heterogeneity of monocytes.

Functional Activation of Osteoclast Commitment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: A Possible Role for RANK/RANKL Pathway

2017

AbstractSkeletal erosion has been found to represent an independent prognostic indicator in patients with advanced stages of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Whether this phenomenon also occurs in early CLL phases and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we prospectively enrolled 36 consecutive treatment-naïve patients to analyse skeletal structure and bone marrow distribution using a computational approach to PET/CT images. This evaluation was combined with the analysis of RANK/RANKL loop activation in the leukemic clone, given recent reports on its role in CLL progression. Bone erosion was particularly evident in long bone shafts, progressively inc…

Circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2018

AbstractThe aetiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been linked to many factors, such as asymmetric growth, neuromuscular condition, bone strength and genetic background. Recently, epigenetic factors have been proposed as contributors of AIS physiopathology, but information about the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved is scarce. Regarding epigenetic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) are molecules that contribute to gene expression modulation by regulating important cellular pathways. We herein used Next-Generation Sequencing to discover a series of circulating miRNAs detected in the blood samples of AIS patients, which yielded a unique miRNA biomarker signature that diagnos…

PD-1, PD-L1, and CD163 in pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: A expression patterns and clinical implications

2018

Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UCOGC), a variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), has a striking genetic similarity to PDAC but a significantly improved overall survival. We hypothesize that this difference could be due to the immune response to the tumor, and as such, we investigated the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and CD163 in a series of UCOGC. To this aim, 27 pancreatic UCOGCs (11 pure and 16 PDAC-associated), 5 extrapancreatic tumors with osteoclast-like giant cells and 10 pancreatic anaplastic carcinomas were immunostained using antibodies against PD-1, PD-L1, and CD163. In pancreatic UCOGCs, PD-L1 was expressed in neoplastic cells of 17 (63%) o…

Treatment with soluble activin type IIB-receptor improves bone mass and strength in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

2016

Background Inhibition of activin/myostatin pathway has emerged as a novel approach to increase muscle mass and bone strength. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder that leads to progressive muscle degeneration and also high incidence of fractures. The aim of our study was to test whether inhibition of activin receptor IIB ligands with or without exercise could improve bone strength in the mdx mouse model for DMD. Methods Thirty-two mdx mice were divided to running and non-running groups and to receive either PBS control or soluble activin type IIB-receptor (ActRIIB-Fc) once weekly for 7 weeks. Results Treatment of mdx mice with ActRIIB-Fc resulted in significantly in…

Activin A circulating levels in patients with bone metastasis from breast or prostate cancer

2006

Recent studies have highlighted that Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, may be involved in the regulation of osteoblastic activity and in osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, we have investigated the clinical significance of its circulating levels in patients with bone metastasis. Activin A serum concentrations were determined, by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, in 72 patients with breast cancer (BC) or prostatic cancer (PC) with (BM+) or without (BM-) bone metastases, in 15 female patients with age-related osteoporosis (OP), in 20 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 48 registered healthy b…

Osteoclast-like Giant Cell Tumor of the Pancreas With Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Case Report with Novel Data on Histogenesis

2002

Impact of periodontal treatment on the RANKL/OPG ratio in crevicular fluid.

2020

Aim Alveolar resorption is one of the most important events in periodontitis. Osteoclast activity is regulated by the ratio between receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the RANKL/OPG ratio in crevicular fluid after periodontal treatment. Material and methods A total of 15 patients with periodontitis were included in the study group. Samples were collected from an area with active periodontitis and a healthy area. The RANKL and OPG levels were measured before and after periodontal scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment. The study group was compared to the control group, which included 10 patients without peri…

Physiology of the aging bone and mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates.

2011

Fragility fractures, a major public health concern, are expected to further increase due to aging of the world populations because age remains a cardinal, independent determinant of fracture risk. With aging the balance between bone formation and resorption during the remodeling process becomes negative, with increased resorption and reduced formation. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely prescribed anti-resorptive agents that inhibit osteoclasts attachment to bone matrix and enhance osteoclast apoptosis. BPs can be divided into nitrogen-containing (N-BPs) and non-nitrogen-containing BPs (non-N-BPs). Both classes induce apoptosis but they evoke it differently. Several studies have examined the …