Search results for "OSiS"

Aspectos psicológicos y neuropsicológicos de la esclerosis múltiple

2018

INTRODUCCIÓN La Esclerosis Múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad de naturaleza desmielinizante y curso crónico, cuya base anatomopatológica se caracteriza por un proceso de destrucción de las vainas de mielina que recubren los axones neuronales (manifestándose en forma de lesiones distribuidas extensamente en el parénquima cerebral y la médula espinal), lo que propiciaría una alteración en los mecanismos sinápticos y la emergencia de los síntomas característicos de la misma. Se trata de una neuropatología que se diagnostica habitualmente al final de la segunda década de la vida o inicio de la tercera, con una prevalencia superior entre las mujeres (2:1). Supone, además, una de las principales cau…

Resonancia Magnetica Funcional con Paradigma Auditivo Emocional en Pacientes con un Primer Episodio Psicótico

2019

Neuroimaging studies of emotional response in patients with Psychosis have mainly used visual stimuli, i.e., still photographs of emotional faces paradigms and shown globally reduced brain activity. Much less is known about the mechanisms underlying emotion recognition deficits within the auditory modality. Our principal aim is to evaluate the emotional response of First-Episode Psychotic (FEP) patients to neutral and emotional words. An auditory emotional paradigm based on the most frequent words heard by psychotic patients with auditory hallucinations was designed. This paradigm was applied to evaluate cerebral activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 59 FEP patient…

Psicothema

2021

Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento científico generado en los últimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión selectiva de los principales tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para el abordaje de trastornos mentales en personas adultas. Método: se recogen niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación en función de los criterios propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud de España (en las Guías de Práctica C…

Eficacia de un programa de musicoterapia como tratamiento complementario a la intervención psicosocial en la recuperación de la esquizofrenia y otras…

2022

Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objeto de estudio evaluar la eficacia de un programa de musicoterapia grupal en personas diagnosticadas de esquizofrenia y otras psicosis que se aplica de manera complementaria al tratamiento usual en este grupo de personas para promover su recuperación. La esquizofrenia es el trastorno psicótico con mayor prevalencia y el más grave en términos de consecuencias para la persona que lo padece y su entorno. El tratamiento de los síntomas, la rehabilitación de los déficits cognitivos, la mejora del funcionamiento social y la calidad de vida en la esquizofrenia y otras psicosis se abordan mediante una estrategia integral que combina la psicofarmacología con las int…

Papeles del psicólogo

2006

Antonio Capafons Bonet (Antonio.Capafons@uv.es) El Modelo de Valencia de Hipnosis Despierta presenta varias características innovadoras que permiten un uso eficiente e integrador de la hipnosis: la forma de presentarla al cliente evita un lenguaje tranceático o palabras “patologiformes”, mostrándola como una estrategia general de afrontamiento y de auto-control, que usa las propiedades auto-regulatorias del cerebro. El paciente hipnotizado está con los ojos abiertos y conversando fluidamente. Esta perspectiva es más permisiva con el cliente y le responsabiliza más sobre su papel en el tratamiento que las perspectivas clásicas de hipnosis despierta. Además, trata de integrar distintas formas…

Metabolomics: An Emerging Approach to Understand Pathogenesis and to Assess Diagnosis and Response to Treatment in Spondyloarthritis

2022

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of rheumatic diseases whose pathogenesis relies on a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Over the last several years, the importance of the alteration of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, and the interaction of bacterial products with host immunity have been highlighted as intriguing key players in SpA development. The recent advent of the so called “-omics” sciences, that include metabolomics, opened the way to a new approach to SpA through a deeper characterisation of the pathogenetic mechanisms behind the disease. In addition, metabolomics can reveal potential new biomarkers to diagnose and monitor SpA patients. The aim of…

ADDITIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIFETIME CANNABIS USE AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN INCREASING THE RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS. A REPLICATION ANALYSIS ON A SAMPLE OF F…

2012

Background: Additive interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use in increasing risk for psychotic disorders has been recently demonstrated in a prospective (Harley et al., 2009) and a cross sectional study (Konigs et al., 2011), although not replicated in another survey (Kuepper et al., 2011). This study aimed to analyse additive interaction between lifetime cannabis and severe child abuse in increasing the risk for psychosis in a sample of first episode psychosis patients and geographically matched controls. In addition, analyses were re-run separately for males and females in order to investigate whether the association was moderated by gender. Methods: The sample consisted of 2…

Cumulative social disadvantage and psychosis: findings from a southern Italy case-control study

2016

Aim: There are consistent evidence suggesting that psychotic disorders are associated to social disadvantage and isolation in adulthood, and research suggested that they these are not simply a consequence of the functional impairment related to onset of the disease (Stilo et al., 2013; Morgan et al., 2008). To date only a few studies have investigated the impact of social risk factors on psychosis in Italy. This study aimed to replicate existing findings in a case-control sample from Southern Italy. Methods: 134 individuals presenting for the first time to mental health services of Palermo (Italy) with an ICD 10 diagnosis of psychosis and 175 population controls from Palermo (Italy) were en…

"Issues like this have an impact" : the need-adapted treatment of psychosis and the psychiatrist's inner dialogue

2014

Quantitative EEG differentiates multiple sclerosis with and without cognitive impairment from healthy controls at the beginning of the disease: preli…

2018

Background and aims: The present study aims to assess possible qEEG differences between newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with or without cognitive impairment (CI). Methods: We enrolled 22 patients (18-55-years-old) treated with first-line drugs for <6 months, and 11 healthy controls. All subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment including BICAMS and BDI. EEG recordings were performed during a cognitive task (computerised “SDMT” subtest of BICAMS) and at rest. Based on neuropsychological assessment, patients were considered as affected (MSCI group) or not (MS group) by cognitive impairment. We analysed data comparing MSCI patients matched by sex, age (±5years) and e…