Search results for "OTI"
showing 10 items of 20628 documents
Comparison of the effects of cryptogein and oligogalacturonides on tabacco cells and evidence of different forms of desensitization induced by these …
1998
Abstract The effects of cryptogein and oligogalacturonides (OGs) were compared on tobacco cells by measuring calcium influx and calcium-dependent responses including extracellular alkalinization and H 2 O 2 production. The main difference is the higher calcium influx and the sustained H 2 O 2 production induced by cryptogein compared to OGs. Amplitude and duration of calcium signalling triggered by cryptogein or OGs may explain the necrotic effect of cryptogein, and the absence of necrosis in tobacco plants treated with OGs. We used induction of alkalinization and H 2 O 2 production to investigate cryptogein effects after a first treatment with cryptogein or OGs, and reciprocally. Results s…
Nucleotide Variability at the Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Gene and the Signature of Herbicide Selection in the Grass Weed Alopecurus myosuroides (H…
2004
Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) is the target of highly effective herbicides. We investigated the nucleotide variability of the ACCase gene in a sample of 18 black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides [Huds.]) populations to search for the signature of herbicide selection. Sequencing 3,396 bp encompassing ACCase herbicide-binding domain in 86 individuals revealed 92 polymorphisms, which formed 72 haplotypes. The ratio of nonsynonymous versus synonymous substitutions was very low, in agreement with ACCase being a vital metabolic enzyme. Within black grass, most nonsynonymous substitutions were related to resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Differentiation between populations was stro…
Can Deliberately Incomplete Gene Sample Augmentation Improve a Phylogeny Estimate for the Advanced Moths and Butterflies (Hexapoda: Lepidoptera)?
2011
Abstract This paper addresses the question of whether one can economically improve the robustness of a molecular phylogeny estimate by increasing gene sampling in only a subset of taxa, without having the analysis invalidated by artifacts arising from large blocks of missing data. Our case study stems from an ongoing effort to resolve poorly understood deeper relationships in the large clade Ditrysia ( > 150,000 species) of the insect order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). Seeking to remedy the overall weak support for deeper divergences in an initial study based on five nuclear genes (6.6 kb) in 123 exemplars, we nearly tripled the total gene sample (to 26 genes, 18.4 kb) but only in a…
Atlas of Finnish bats
2019
This atlas is based on information in museum collections, literature, databases and unpublished data. In the last 150 years, the number of bat species in Finland increased from six to thirteen. Of these, five are common and regularly breeding (Eptesicus nilssonii, Myotis brandtii, Myotis daubentonii, Myotis mystacinus, Plecotus auritus), and eight rare (Eptesicus serotinus, Myotis dasycneme, Myotis nattereri, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus nathusii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Vespertilio murinus), of which breeding of two (M. nattereri, P. nathusii) have been confirmed. The total number of records in the study is 11 234, of which 9717 are identified to species. The re…
Diapause as escape strategy to exposure to toxicants: response of Brachionus calyciforus to arsenic
2016
Invertebrate organisms commonly respond to environmental fluctuation by entering diapause. Production of diapause in monogonont rotifers involves a previous switch from asexual to partial sexual reproduction. Although zooplankton have been used in ecotoxicological assays, often their true vulnerability to toxicants is underestimated by not incorporating the sexual phase. We experimentally analyzed traits involved in sexual reproduction and diapause in the cyclically parthenogenetic freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, exposed to arsenic, a metalloid naturally found in high concentrations in desert zones, focusing on the effectiveness of diapause as an escape response in the face of …
Prolonged diapause has sex-specific fertility and fitness costs
2019
AbstractDiapause in seasonal environments allows insects to survive adverse seasons. However, individuals can sometimes enter a prolonged diapause for more than a year, and also skip favourable seasons, which can bring additional costs through e.g. loss of metabolic resources. At the same time, prolonged diapause can be beneficial if it allows individuals to have a risk-spreading strategy to skip potentially suboptimal breeding seasons. We studied if prolonged diapause (2-year diapause) negatively affects the fertility and fitness of female and male Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) compared to control (1-year diapause) beetles. We also tested the parental effects on the s…
Behaviour of consumers of conventional and organic flowers and ornamental plants in Italy
2013
The paper analyses preferences and motivations of Italian consumers of flowers and ornamental plants, both conventional and organic. The results helped to outline their profile. Purchases are still done in the traditional places (flower shops for cut flowers and plant nurseries for potted plants), however positive trend is found for potted plants purchases at large distribution chains. Some differences came out as to purchase motivations: cut flowers are mainly bought in special occasions whereas potted plants purchases are linked to personal use. The results confirm a positive relationship between the purchase of flowers and plants and the age of the interviewees, besides showing that wome…
Regulation of Nicotiana tabacum osmotic stress-activated protein kinase and its cellular partner GAPDH by nitric oxide in response to salinity
2010
Several studies focusing on elucidating the mechanism of NO (nitric oxide) signalling in plant cells have highlighted that its biological effects are partly mediated by protein kinases. The identity of these kinases and details of how NO modulates their activities, however, remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we have attempted to clarify the mechanisms underlying NO action in the regulation of NtOSAK (Nicotiana tabacum osmotic stress-activated protein kinase), a member of the SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting 1)-related protein kinase 2 family. We found that in tobacco BY-2 (bright-yellow 2) cells exposed to salt stress, NtOSAK is rapidly activated, partly through a NO-dependent pr…
Involvement of osmotic cell shrinkage on the proton extrusion rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2001
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been subjected to hyperosmotic shocks by using permeating (sorbitol, xylitol, glycerol, NaCl) and nonpermeating (PEG 600) solutes. The proton extrusion rate decreased as the osmotic pressure increased, whichever solute was used. However, the total inhibition of the cellular H+ extrusion depended on the solute used. A total inhibition was observed at about 20 MPa with glycerol, xylitol and sorbitol. With PEG 600, a total inhibition of extracellular acidification was obtained at 8.5 MPa. NaCl, with an extracellular pressure of 37.8 MPa (near saturation), did not completely inhibit the extracellular acidification. These results showed that the total inhibition of p…
Seed germination under osmotic stress across different wild populations of mountain rye (Secale strictum (C.Presl) C.Presl))
2020
The selection of resilient cultivars could help stem the losses in forage production due to a changing climate. Secale strictum is a wild grass with interesting potential as a forage crop. We studied the germination requirements of six wild S. strictum populations, representative of the whole species distribution range in Italy and occurring under different osmotic conditions (0 MPa, −0.8 MPa, −1.0 MPa, −1.2 MPa, −1.4 MPa and −1.6 MPa). Our aim was to find beneficial seed and germination traits for the possible use of this species as a crop. Different accessions of domesticated Secale cereale and ×Triticosecale were used as comparison. Some populations of S. strictum were drought tolerant a…