Search results for "Observed"

showing 10 items of 56 documents

Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Lumbriculus variegatus is a function of dissolved silver and promoted by low sediment pH

2017

Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to benthic organisms is a major concern. The use of AgNPs in industry and consumer products leads to increasing release of AgNPs into the aquatic environment-sediments being the major sink. Effects of sediment pH on the toxicity of AgNPs to benthic oligochaeta Lumbriculus variegatus were studied in a 23-d toxicity test. Artificially prepared sediments (pH 5 and 7) were spiked with varying concentrations of uncoated AgNP, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated AgNP, and silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) as dissolved Ag reference. Number of individuals and biomass change were used as endpoints for the toxicity. The toxic effects were related to the bioaccessible conc…

Geologic SedimentsLumbriculus variegatusHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesisbenthic wormsMetal Nanoparticlessedimentit02 engineering and technology010501 environmental sciences01 natural sciencesSilver nanoparticlechemistry.chemical_compoundmadotBiomassta116biologyHydrogen-Ion Concentration021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology6. Clean waterekotoksikologiaSilver nitrateEnvironmental chemistryToxicity0210 nano-technologymedicine.drugsilver nanoparticlesSilversekvensointita1172myrkyllisyysToxicity TestsmedicineAnimalsEnvironmental Chemistrysequential extractionOligochaetananoecotoxicology0105 earth and related environmental sciencesNo-Observed-Adverse-Effect LevelPolyvinylpyrrolidonehopeaSedimentbiology.organism_classificationsediment toxicitySolubilityuuttochemistry13. Climate actionnanohiukkasetnanoparticlesWater Pollutants ChemicalEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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Modelling Unobserved Heterogeneity in Health and Health Care: an Extended Latent Class Approach

2011

Health CareUnobserved HeterogeneityHealthLatent Class Approach
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In vitro evaluation of poloxamer in situ forming gels for bedaquiline fumarate salt and pharmacokinetics following intramuscular injection in rats

2019

Graphical abstract

In situPO Propylene oxideIV IntravenousP338 Poloxamer 338lcsh:RS1-441Pharmaceutical Sciencechemistry.chemical_compoundn Sample sizeSD Standard deviationIM Intramuscularchemistry.chemical_classificationC0 Analyte plasma concentration at time zeroDoE Design of experimentsUV UltravioletPharmacology. TherapyK2.EDTA Potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acidLC–MS/MS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryH&E Hematoxylin and eosintmax Sampling time to reach the maximum observed analyte plasma concentrationIn situ forming gelsCMC Critical micellar concentrationCmax Maximum observed analyte plasma concentrationIntramuscular injectionDN Dose normalizedGPT Gel point temperaturePLGA Poly-(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)TFA Trifluoroacetic acidCAN AcetonitrileATP Adenosine 5′ triphosphateSalt (chemistry)Polyethylene glycolPoloxamerArticlelcsh:Pharmacy and materia medicaPharmacokineticsIn vivoUHPLC Ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyPharmacokineticsAUClast Area under the analyte concentration versus time curve from time zero to the time of the last measurable (non-below quantification level) concentrationEO Ethylene oxideNMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidoneComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICSAUC∞ Area under the analyte concentration vs time curve from time zero to infinite timeP407 Poloxamer 407In vitro releasePoloxamerCMT Critical micellar temperatureGel erosionIn vitrot1/2 Apparent terminal elimination half-lifechemistryMDR-TB Multi-drug resistant tuberculosisAUC80h Area under the analyte concentration versus time curve from time zero to 80 htlast Sampling time until the last measurable (non-below quantification level) analyte plasma concentrationMRM Multiple reaction monitoringNuclear chemistrySustained releaseInternational Journal of Pharmaceutics: X
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Effect of an Acaricide on the Reproduction and Survival of Daphnia magna

1999

InsecticidesHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesismedia_common.quotation_subjectDaphnia magnaZoologyBranchiopodaGrowthIn Vitro TechniquesBiologyToxicologyLethal Dose 50Toxicity TestsHydrocarbons ChlorinatedAnimalsEcotoxicologymedia_commonNo-Observed-Adverse-Effect LevelEcologyAcaricideGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationPollutionFertilityDaphniaCladoceraFemaleReproductionBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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Uncontrolled diabetes and health care utilisation:A bivariate latent Markov model approach

2018

Although uncontrolled diabetes (UD) or poor glycaemic control is a widespread condition with potentially life-threatening consequences, there is sparse evidence of its effects on health care utilisation. We jointly model the propensities to consume health care and UD by employing an innovative bivariate latent Markov model that allows for dynamic unobserved heterogeneity, movements between latent states and the endogeneity of UD. We estimate the effects of UD on primary and secondary health care consumption using a panel dataset of rich administrative records from Spain and measure UD using a biomarker. We find that, conditional on time-varying unobservables, UD does not have a statisticall…

Malelatent Markov modelunobserved heterogeneityBivariate analysisMarkov modelDiabete03 medical and health sciences0502 economics and businessHealth careEconometricsDiabetes MellitusHumansEndogeneitySocial determinants of health050207 economicsPoor glycaemic controlhealth care utilisationAgedConsumption (economics)Models StatisticalMarkov chainbusiness.industry030503 health policy & servicesHealth Policy05 social sciencesPatient Acceptance of Health CareMarkov ChainsSpainFemale0305 other medical sciencebusinessPsychology
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Identification of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mRNA-expressing cells in normal and injured rat brain

2009

Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), isolated for the first time from bovine and human parathyroid, is a G-protein-coupled receptors that has been involved in diverse physiological functions. At present a complete in vivo work on the identification of CaSR mRNA-expressing cells in the adult brain lacks and this investigation was undertaken in order to acquire more information on cell type expressing CaSR mRNA in the rat brain and to analyse for the first time its expression in different experimental models of brain injury. The expression of CaSR mRNAs was found mainly in scattered cells throughout almost all the brain regions. A double labeling analysis showed a colocalization of CaSR mRNA expr…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsCentral nervous systemHippocampusCell CountSettore BIO/11 - Biologia MolecolareBiologySettore BIO/09 - Fisiologiachemistry.chemical_compoundSeizuresInternal medicineSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaCaSRmedicineAnimalsRNA MessengerRats WistarIbotenic AcidMolecular BiologyIn Situ HybridizationNeuronsKainic AcidGeneral NeuroscienceDentate gyrusBrainColocalizationImmunohistochemistryRatsOligodendrogliamedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologynervous systemchemistryBrain InjuriesNeurogliaNeurology (clinical)Pyramidal cellCaSR; BrainCalcium sensing receptor (CaSR) isolated for the first time from bovine and human parathyroid is a G-protein-coupled receptors that has been involved in diverse physiological functions. At present a complete in vivo work on the identification of CaSR mRNA-expressing cells in the adult brain lacks and this investigation was undertaken in order to acquire more information on cell type expressing CaSR mRNA in the rat brain and to analyse for the first time its expression in different experimental models of brain injury. The expression of CaSR mRNAs was found mainly in scattered cells throughout almost all the brain regions. A double labeling analysis showed a colocalization of CaSR mRNA expression in neurons and oligodendrocytes whereas it was not found expressed both in the microglia and in astrocytes. One week after kainate-induced seizure CaSR was found in the injured CA3 region of the hippocampus and very interestingly it was found up-regulated in the neurons of CA1-CA2 and dentate gyrus. Similarly 1 week following ibotenic acid injection in the hippocampus CaSR mRNA expression was increased in oligodendrocytes both in the lesioned area and in the contralateral CA1-CA3 pyramidal cell layers and dentate gyrus. One week after needle-induced mechanical lesion an increase of labeled cells expressing CaSR mRNA was observed along the needle track. In conclusion the present results contribute to extend available data on cell type-expressing CaSR in normal and injured brain and could spur to understand the role of CaSR in repairing processes of brain injury.Receptors Calcium-SensingIbotenic acidDevelopmental BiologyAstrocyte
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Segmenting customers according to online word-of-mouth about hotels

2021

There is a renewed interest in the study of online word-of-mouth behavior due to the increasing use of the Internet and the development of social networks. This paper focuses on the receiver perspective to analyze the unequal influence of the antecedents of online consumer searches. The main purpose is to detect the heterogeneity of the effect of different motivations (convenience, risks reduction and social reassurance) and the volume of comments on the willingness to check online reviews. Based on 393 guests of hotels, a mixture regression model indicates the existence of three internally consistent segments, which reveal the varying influence on consumer intentions to look at online comm…

Motivationbusiness.industryVolumeStrategy and ManagementPerspective (graphical)Word of mouthMixture regressionAdvertisingMixture regression modelMarket segmentationHotelBenestar socialUnobserved heterogeneityHuman resource managementThe InternetEmpirical ArticleBusinessBusiness and International ManagementOnline word-of-mouthMercat InvestigacióService Business
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Predictability and prediction of lowest observed adverse effect levels in a structurally heterogeneous set of chemicals

2005

A database of chronic lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) for 234 compounds, previously compiled from different sources (Toxicology Letters79, 131-143 (1995)), was modelled using graph theoretical descriptors. This study reveals that data are not homogeneous. Only those data originating from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports could be well modelled by multilinear regression (MLR) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In contrast, data available from the specific procedures of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) database introduced noise and did not render good models either alone, or in combination with the EPA data.

Multilinear mapComputer scienceLinear modelReproducibility of ResultsContrast (statistics)BioengineeringGeneral MedicineModels TheoreticalLinear discriminant analysiscomputer.software_genreRegressionLowest-observed-adverse-effect levelSet (abstract data type)Structure-Activity RelationshipDrug DiscoveryStatisticsLinear ModelsAnimalsMolecular MedicineData miningOrganic ChemicalsPredictabilityToxicity Tests ChroniccomputerSAR and QSAR in Environmental Research
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Association between climate and new daily diagnoses of COVID-19

2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough evidence is accumulating that climate conditions may positively or negatively influence the scale of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, uncertainty remains concerning the real impact of climate factors on viral transmission. Methods. The number of new daily cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Verona (Italy) was retrieved from the official website of Veneto Region, while information on daily weather parameters in the same area was downloaded from IlMeteo website, a renowned Italian technological company specialized in weather forecasts. The search period ranged between March 1 to November 11, 2020. The number of new daily COVID-19 cases and meteorological da…

Multivariate analysisCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Leadership and ManagementStrategy and Management2020. The number of new daily COVID-19 cases and meteorological data in Verona were correlated using both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The number of daily COVID-19 diagnoses in Verona was positively associated with the number of days in lockdown and humidity1% decrease in humidityWind speedmin and max temperatureand influence the likelihood or course of local COVID-19 outbreaks. Preventive measuresHealth Information Managementa renowned Italian technological company specialized in weather forecasts. The search period ranged between March 1 and November 11mean air temperature1.2% and 5.4% reduction in new COVID-19 daily diagnoses. A significant difference was observed in values of all-weather parameters recorded in Verona between days with &ltHealth Policy1 km/h increase in wind speed and day with rainfall were independently associated with 1.0%Significant differencehumidityUnivariateOutbreakHumidityand inversely correlated with meanmean wind speed and number of days with rainfall. Days of lockdownwhile information on daily weather parameters in the same area was downloaded from IlMeteo websitetesting policies and hospital preparedness should be reinforced during periods of higher meteorological risk and in local environments with adverse climate conditions.Background: Although evidence is accumulating that climate conditions may positively or negatively influence the scale of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks0.3%uncertainty remains concerning the real impact of climate factors on viral transmission. Methods: The number of new daily cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Verona (Italy) was retrieved from the official website of Veneto RegionGeography100 or ≥100 new daily COVID-19 diagnoses. Conclusions: Climate conditions may play an essential role in conditions of viral transmissionAir temperaturemean wind speed and number of days with rainfall remained significantly associated in multivariate analysis. The four weather parameters contributed to explaining 61% of variance in new daily COVID-19 diagnoses. Each 1% increase in air temperatureBackground: Although evidence is accumulating that climate conditions may positively or negatively influence the scale of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks uncertainty remains concerning the real impact of climate factors on viral transmission. Methods: The number of new daily cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Verona (Italy) was retrieved from the official website of Veneto Region while information on daily weather parameters in the same area was downloaded from IlMeteo website a renowned Italian technological company specialized in weather forecasts. The search period ranged between March 1 and November 11 2020. The number of new daily COVID-19 cases and meteorological data in Verona were correlated using both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The number of daily COVID-19 diagnoses in Verona was positively associated with the number of days in lockdown and humidity and inversely correlated with mean min and max temperature mean wind speed and number of days with rainfall. Days of lockdown mean air temperature humidity mean wind speed and number of days with rainfall remained significantly associated in multivariate analysis. The four weather parameters contributed to explaining 61% of variance in new daily COVID-19 diagnoses. Each 1% increase in air temperature 1% decrease in humidity 1 km/h increase in wind speed and day with rainfall were independently associated with 1.0% 0.3% 1.2% and 5.4% reduction in new COVID-19 daily diagnoses. A significant difference was observed in values of all-weather parameters recorded in Verona between days with <100 or ≥100 new daily COVID-19 diagnoses. Conclusions: Climate conditions may play an essential role in conditions of viral transmission and influence the likelihood or course of local COVID-19 outbreaks. Preventive measures testing policies and hospital preparedness should be reinforced during periods of higher meteorological risk and in local environments with adverse climate conditions.DemographyJournal of Hospital Management and Health Policy
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Validation of a two-dimensional modeling of an externally irradiated slurry photoreactor

2015

Abstract A two-dimensional model describing the behavior of a batch cylindrical photoreactor has been validated through a series of photocatalytic reactivity runs. The light intensity radiation field produced by 1–6 external UV fluorescent lamps was modeled together with Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics and 4-nitrophenol (NP) and Degussa P25 TiO 2 were used as the probe molecule and the catalyst, respectively. The experiments were carried out under different conditions of light intensity, photocatalyst amount and substrate concentration. The model parameters were the kinetic constant of substrate adsorption, desorption and degradation and the exponent of the power law expressing the kinetics d…

Photoreactor modeling Externally irradiated photoreactor Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics Observed rate constantSettore ING-IND/24 - Principi Di Ingegneria ChimicaLangmuir-Hinshelwood kineticChemistryRADIANT FIELDGeneral Chemical EngineeringKineticsAnalytical chemistrySubstrate (chemistry)General ChemistryIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringLight intensityAdsorptionDesorptionSlurryPhotocatalysisPhotocatalytic reactor engineeringEnvironmental ChemistryPHOTOCATALYSISIrradiationSettore CHIM/07 - Fondamenti Chimici Delle TecnologieObserved rate constant
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