Search results for "Obstructive"

Alternative ways of expressing FEV1 and mortality in elderly people with and without COPD

2013

Expressing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) as % predicted relies on the assumption of proportional variability and generalisability of prediction equations that may be unrealistic, especially for elderly people. We evaluated the prognostic implications of alternative ways of expressing FEV1. We enrolled 318 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 475 controls in the Salute Respiratoria nell'Anziano (SARA) study. The risk for 5-, 10- and 15-year mortality associated with FEV1 was studied by expressing FEV1 % pred, standardised by height cubed (FEV1 · Ht(-3)) and as a multiple of the sex-specific first percentile (FEV1 quotient (FEV1Q)). In the group with COPD, t…

Tiotropium and olodaterol fixed-dose combination versus mono-components in COPD (GOLD 2-4).

2015

Efficacy and safety of tiotropium+olodaterol fixed-dose combination (FDC) compared with the mono-components was evaluated in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in two replicate, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre, phase III trials. Patients received tiotropium+olodaterol FDC 2.5/5 μg or 5/5 μg, tiotropium 2.5 μg or 5 μg, or olodaterol 5 μg delivered once-daily via Respimat inhaler over 52 weeks. Primary end points were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) area under the curve from 0 to 3 h (AUC0–3) response, trough FEV1 response and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score at 24 weeks. In total, 5162 patien…

Why chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients get so short of breath with limited activity

2013

equivalence despite the simplicity of MPT versus CPET as a surrogate to detect DH in COPD patients, by measuring the decrease in inspiratory capacity to reflect the increase in end-expiratory lung volume [3] . Lahaije et al. [2] have investigated whether DH as measured in the laboratory settings (CPET and MPT) reflects DH that is associated with dyspnea-limiting ADL. The authors conclude that both CPET and MPT can serve as a screening tool to identify patients who are susceptible to develop DH during ADL. In practice, MPT is simpler to obtain and is an inexpensive surrogate. However, sensitivity of MPT may not be optimal. When DH does not occur during CPET, it is unlikely to occur during AD…

Worldwide production on sleep apnea from 2009–2018. Analysis of the ability to secure funding and international collaboration networks

2021

[Background]: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an emerging health problem, but information on scientific production in this subject area is scarce. We aim to evaluate the scientific production on OSA from 2009 to 2018 to illustrate its worldwide distribution, topic areas, and ability to secure funding, as well as to describe international collaboration networks in this field. [Methods]: Articles published between 2009 and 2018 were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded via Web of Science (WoS) using the search term “obstructive sleep apn*“. Publication year, number and country of authors, journal, subject category, key words, funding source and number of citations received were…

Exceptional LAS Requests in Eurotransplant: Analysis of an 8-year Effort to Improve Lung Allocation for Precarious Patients

2020

PURPOSE: Following introduction of the lung allocation score (LAS) in 2011, Eurotransplant member centers can apply for an exceptional LAS (eLAS) if the calculated LAS insufficiently reflects the perceived transplant benefit for a patient, specifically in case of primary pulmonary hypertension group 1 and 4; combined lung+non-renal transplantation; rare diseases; or extracorporeal support. Each eLAS proposal is evaluated by a LAS Review Board, consisting of ≥3 lung transplant experts, which subsequently declines or approves the eLAS request in consensus of ≥3 votes. In case of a lower than accepted score, predefined business rules to assign LAS percentiles are used. METHODS: A retrospective…

Inhaler mishandling remains common in real life and is associated with reduced disease control

2011

SummaryProper inhaler technique is crucial for effective management of asthma and COPD. This multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study investigates the prevalence of inhaler mishandling in a large population of experienced patients referring to chest clinics; to analyze the variables associated with misuse and the relationship between inhaler handling and health-care resources use and disease control.We enrolled 1664 adult subjects (mean age 62 years) affected mostly by COPD (52%) and asthma (42%). Respectively, 843 and 1113 patients were using MDIs and DPIs at home; of the latter, the users of Aerolizer®, Diskus®, HandiHaler® and Turbuhaler® were 82, 467, 505 and 361.We have a tota…

Circulating CD34+ cells are decreased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

2006

Decrease in blood pressure during continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea: still searching for predictive factors

2019

High blood pressure (BP) and non-dipping 24-hour BP profile may help to predict BP decrease after obstructive sleep apnoea treatment by CPAP. However, specific, highly reproducible traits associated with BP responsiveness to CPAP must still be identified.http://bit.ly/2LbS4uV

Sleep Apnea and the Kidney

2020

Abstract Purpose of Review There are some uncertainties about the interactions between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We critically reviewed recent studies on this topic with a focus on experimental and clinical evidence of bidirectional influences between OSA and CKD, as well as the effects of treatment of either disease. Recent Findings Experimental intermittent hypoxia endangers the kidneys, possibly through activation of inflammatory pathways and increased blood pressure. In humans, severe OSA can independently decrease kidney function. Treatment of OSA by CPAP tends to blunt kidney function decline over time, although its effect may vary. OSA may increa…

Alternative mechanisms for tiotropium

2009

Tiotropium is commonly used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although largely considered to be a long-acting bronchodilator, its demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of exacerbations and preliminary evidence from early studies indicating that it might slow the rate of decline in lung function suggested mechanisms of action in addition to simple bronchodilation. This hypothesis was examined in the recently published UPLIFT study and, although spirometric and other clinical benefits of tiotropium treatment extended to four years, the rate of decline in lung function did not appear to be reduced by the addition of tiotropium in this study. This article summ…