Search results for "Obstructive"
showing 10 items of 609 documents
A simple noninvasive pressure–time index at the mouth to measure respiratory load during acute exacerbation of COPD A comparison with normal voluntee…
2003
We assessed the validity of the pressure-time index (PTI) measured at the mouth as a noninvasive and simplified alternative to conventional tension-time index for assessing respiratory load and inspiratory muscle force reserve. PTI was measured within 48 h of hospital admission and at 24 h before discharge in 37 consecutive patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using the equation PTI = (P(awo)/MIP)(T(I)/T(T)) 100, where P(awo) is the mean airway pressure measured at the mouth, MIP the maximal inspiratory pressure, and T(I)/T(T) the inspiratory time (T(I)) to total cycle length (T(T)) ratio. Controls were 30 normal volunteers with similar anthropome…
Effectiveness and safety of concurrent beta-blockers and inhaled bronchodilators in COPD with cardiovascular comorbidities
2017
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide, in both industrialised and developing countries. Its prevalence is ∼5% in the general population and it is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases; in fact, ∼64% of people suffering from COPD are treated for a concomitant cardiovascular disease and approximately one in three COPD patients die as a consequence of cardiovascular diseases.Inhaled bronchodilators might have adverse cardiovascular effects, including ischaemic events and arrhythmias, and beta-blockers might adversely influence the resp…
Circulating haemopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells are decreased in COPD
2006
Circulating CD34+ cells are haemopoietic progenitors that may play a role in tissue repair. No data are available on circulating progenitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Circulating CD34+ cells were studied in 18 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (age: mean+/-sd 68+/-8 yrs; forced expiratory volume in one second: 48+/-12% predicted) and 12 controls, at rest and after endurance exercise. Plasma concentrations of haematopoietic growth factors (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) ligand, kit ligand), markers of hypoxia (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) and stimulators of angiogenesis (VEGF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)) and markers of systemic inflammation (tu…
European Respiratory Society statement on sleep apnoea, sleepiness and driving risk
2021
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent and is a recognised risk factor for motor vehicle accidents (MVA). Effective treatment with continuous positive airway pressure has been associated with a normalisation of this increased accident risk. Thus, many jurisdictions have introduced regulations restricting the ability of OSA patients from driving until effectively treated. However, uncertainty prevails regarding the relative importance of OSA severity determined by the apnoea–hypopnoea frequency per hour and the degree of sleepiness in determining accident risk. Furthermore, the identification of subjects at risk of OSA and/or accident risk remains elusive. The introduction of off…
P123 Inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting β2-agonist therapy is overused in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: …
2015
Rationale Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) plus long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) therapy is indicated for different patient groups with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the USA and Europe. In the previous version of the Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommendations, the use of ICS plus LABA therapy was restricted to patients with severe and very severe lung-function impairment and frequent exacerbations, with overtreatment in milder patient populations well documented. The current GOLD document recommends the use of ICS plus LABA maintenance therapy for patients in categories C and D. Methods We present post hoc analyses from the two pivotal 1-year TO…
P125 Tiotropium plus olodaterol combination therapy provides lung-function benefits when compared to tiotropium alone, irrespective of prior treatmen…
2015
Rationale Tiotropium plus olodaterol (T+O) is a novel once-daily combination of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) tiotropium (T) and the recently approved long-acting β 2 -agonist (LABA) olodaterol, for use as maintenance treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These post hoc analyses of data from the two pivotal 1-year TONADO studies determined whether treatment with a long-acting bronchodilator (LABD) prior to randomisation affected the lung-function benefits of T+O 5/5 µg (via Respimat®) compared to T 5 µg (via Respimat®). Methods In the studies, 2124 patients had not received prior LABD treatment (T+O n = 426; T n = 454) and 3038 patients had (T+O n = 603, …
P121 Characteristics of COPD patients with and without maintenance treatment at baseline, by GOLD stage: TONADO: Abstract P121 Table 1
2015
Rationale The efficacy and safety of the once-daily combination of tiotropium (T), a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and olodaterol (O), a long-acting β 2 -agonist (LABA), for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been established. We investigated whether there was a difference in the characteristics of COPD patients with and without baseline maintenance treatment. Methods Two replicate, randomised, 52-week, double-blind, parallel-group, Phase III trials (NCT01431274; NCT01431287; n = 5162) assessed the efficacy and safety of once-daily treatment with T+O (2.5/5 μg; 5/5 μg; Respimat® inhaler) compared to the individual components. Baseline characteristi…
Effect of long-acting β2-agonists olodaterol and formoterol on heart rate and blood pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
2018
Abstract Background Cardiovascular comorbidities are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and elevated heart rate reflects increased cardiovascular risk over time, which is associated with unfavourable neurohumoral activation. Long-acting β 2 -agonists (LABAs) are established treatments in COPD, but potentially increase heart rate. We report a post hoc pooled analysis of the effect of olodaterol (5 or 10 μg) or formoterol (12 μg) on heart rate and blood pressure (BP) in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage 2–4 COPD patients. Methods Four randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III studies were analysed. Changes in heart rate and systoli…
Aclidinium inhibits human lung fibroblast to myofibroblast transition
2011
Background Fibroblast to myofibroblast transition is believed to contribute to airway remodelling in lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study examines the role of aclidinium, a new long-acting muscarinic antagonist, on human fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. Methods Human bronchial fibroblasts were stimulated with carbachol (10 −8 to 10 −5 M) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1; 2 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of aclidinium (10 −9 to 10 −7 M) or different drug modulators for 48 h. Characterisation of myofibroblasts was performed by analysis of collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA and protein expression as well as α…
Protocol for the EARCO Registry
2020
Rationale and objectives Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition that leads to an increased risk of emphysema and liver disease. Despite extensive investigation, there remain unanswered questions concerning the natural history, pathophysiology, genetics and the prognosis of the lung disease in association with AATD. The European Alpha-1 Clinical Research Collaboration (EARCO) is designed to bring together researchers from European countries and to create a standardised database for the follow-up of patients with AATD. Study design and population The EARCO Registry is a non-interventional, multicentre, pan-European, longitudinal observational cohort study enrolling patie…