Search results for "Occupation"

Evaluation of the effectiveness of occupational injury prevention programs at the company level

2013

The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of an occupational injury prevention program, known as the Preferential Action Plan (PAP), focused on companies with high incidence rates of occupational injuries. We studied 1189 companies in the industrial, construction and services sectors between 1999 and 2007 in the Valencia region (Spain). Our sample included 507,262 workers, among whom 44,250 non-fatal occupational injuries with at least a workday lost were registered. Companies included in a PAP program were divided into three intervention groups, according to the year that each company entered into a PAP (2000, 2001, and 2002). We calculated annual percentage change in incidence rates…

Occupational exposure to pesticides and congenital malformations: A review of mechanisms, methods, and results

1998

Pesticides are chemicals that are widely used all over the world. Human beings can be exposed through environmental contamination and/or occupational use of pesticides. Although there is substantial information on the acute toxicity of many of these chemicals, available knowledge on delayed effects is much more limited. This paper reviews epidemiological studies on occupational exposure to pesticides, mainly in agricultural workers, and risk of congenital malformations. The discussion includes postulated mechanisms for birth defects from paternal or maternal exposure, a detailed review of method of the studies carried out so far on the relationship between occupational exposure to pesticide…

2015

Quality of life (QoL) is increasingly recognized as central to the broad construct of recovery in patients with substance use disorders (SUD). However, few longitudinal studies have evaluated changes in QoL after SUD treatment and included patients with SUD that were compulsorily hospitalized. This study aimed to describe QoL among in-patients admitted either voluntarily or compulsorily to hospitalization and to examine patterns and predictors of QoL at admission and at 6 months post treatment. This prospective study followed 202 hospitalized patients with SUD that were admitted voluntarily (N=137) or compulsorily (N=65). A generic QoL questionnaire (QoL-5) was used to assess QoL domains. R…

Detección de la enfermedad renal crónica mediante la determinación de filtrado glomerular estimado y albuminuria. ¿Estamos incumpliendo las recomenda…

2018

2020

Abstract Purpose Insufficient and poor sleep patterns are common among adolescents worldwide. Up to now, the evidence on adolescent sleep has been mostly informed by country-specific studies that used different measures and age groups, making direct comparisons difficult. Cross-national data on adolescent sleep that could inform nations and international discussions are lacking. We examined the sleep patterns of adolescents across 24 countries and by gender, age, and affluence groups. Methods We obtained sleep data on 165,793 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years; 50.5% girls) in 24 European and North American countries from the recent cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children sur…

Physical activity promotion in public health nursing practice with children

2007

Background: Physical activity has become a major public health concern even in early childhood. This article exemplifies physical activity promotion in practice as described by public health nurses from Finnish primary health care. Method: We gathered the data by purposive sampling in five regional focus groups with 24 informants working in child health clinics provided for all families with children below school age. Statements associated with physical activity promotion were extracted out of verbatim transcripts. Frequency counting complemented qualitative analysis of the content of statements. Findings: Child-centred evaluation provided by public health nurses focused on motor developmen…

Community Care in Taiwan

2004

SUMMARY This article explores the policy definitions and the funder roles of central and local governments in community care in Taiwan. The notion of community care has been adopted in Taiwan following the model of Hong Kong but the main question of the article is whether this has resulted in actual service provisions at the community level, forming an alternative to institutional care. The data has been collected from several sources: policy documents, official statistics, surveys, general reports, funding provision reports, and empirical studies. The results show that neither central nor local authorities are seriously involved in caring for elderly people or persons with disabilities in …

Capacity building in public health with two Saudi universities: Challenges of knowledge transfer

2019

Abstract Introduction Collaboration between SDU and two Saudi Arabian (KSA) Universities started in 2012. Case 1 was a new public university for women; the contract (until spring 2017) aimed at knowledge transfer from SDU to two Bachelor of Science curricula (Epidemiology, and Health Education and Promotion). The aim was to train the trainers by teaching the 1st student cohort 100% by the SDU staff and for later cohorts to increase the teaching by local staff gradually. The SDU teams travelled to KSA to run 1-month courses at a time. In Case 2 (ongoing since 2017), 1-week courses for health professionals are offered in an established mixed-gender university; the courses are for a fee. Lesso…

The Risk of Medical Exposure in Emergency Units in South-West Romania

2013

Background The aim of the paper is to reduce the risk associated with medical exposure to ionising radiations by improving the quality of the radiological activity. A special attention is paid to the possible biological effects of ionising radiations lately, an attitude which is justified by the continual increase of the exposed persons and the doses in-taken by these. Before any X ray examination of the patients it is better to analyse the ratio between the benefits for …

A study of hurdles in mass treatment of schistosomiasis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2015

Background: It has been estimated that 700 million people worldwide and 5.2 million people in South Africa are in need of annual treatment for schistosomiasis. In accordance with the current policy the Department of Health (DoH) in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, aimed to reach 75% treatment coverage in a mass treatment campaign (MTC) of schools in a schistosomiasis-endemic area.Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to explore the implementation, coverage, challenges and limitations of a DoH MTC in a middle-income country. The study was conducted by exploring nurses’ and research team records, school enrolment lists and parental consent forms.Results: Slightly more than 10 000…