Search results for "Odds ratio"
showing 10 items of 1204 documents
Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in Europe
2018
Background: Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may increase attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children, but findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to study this association in a collaborative study of eight European population-based birth/child cohorts, including 29,127 mother-child pairs. Methods: Air pollution concentrations (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and particulate matter [PM]) were estimated at the birth address by land-use regression models based on monitoring campaigns performed between 2008 and 2011. We extrapolated concentrations back in time to exact pregnancy periods. Teachers or parents assessed ADHD symptoms at 3-10 years of age. We classified …
Maternal Vitamin D Status in Pregnancy and Risk of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Wheezing, and Asthma in Offspring
2011
Background Adequate vitamin D status in mothers during pregnancy may influence the health status of the child later in life. We assessed whether maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations in pregnancy are associated with risk of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, and asthma in the offspring. Methods Data were obtained from 1724 children of the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project, a population-based birth cohort study. Maternal circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in pregnancy (mean gestational age = 12.6 [SD = 2.5] weeks). When the child was age 1 year, parents were asked if their child had a physician-confirmed history of lower respiratory…
A pragmatic evidence-based clinical management algorithm for burning mouth syndrome
2017
Background Burning mouth syndrome is a poorly understood disease process with no current standard of treatment. The goal of this article is to provide an evidence-based, practical, clinical algorithm as a guideline for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome. Material and methods Using available evidence and clinical experience, a multi-step management algorithm was developed. A retrospective cohort study was then performed, following STROBE statement guidelines, comparing outcomes of patients who were managed using the algorithm and those who were managed without. Results Forty-seven patients were included in the study, with 21 (45%) managed using the algorithm and 26 (55%) managed without…
A Decision-Tree Approach to Assist in Forecasting the Outcomes of the Neonatal Brain Injury
2021
Neonatal brain injury or neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant morbidity and mortality factor in preterm and full-term newborns. NE has an incidence in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 per 1000 live births carrying a considerable burden for neurological outcomes such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy, cognitive impairments, and hydrocephaly. Many scoring systems based on different risk factor combinations in regression models have been proposed to predict abnormal outcomes. Birthweight, gestational age, Apgar scores, pH, ultrasound and MRI biomarkers, seizures onset, EEG pattern, and seizure duration were the most referred predictors in the literature. Our study proposes a decision-tree approach b…
Interactive Guidance Intervention to Address Sustained Social Withdrawal in Preterm Infants in Chile: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
2020
Background Preterm newborns can be exposed early to significant perinatal stress, and this stress can increase the risk of altered socioemotional development. Sustained social withdrawal in infants is an early indicator of emotional distress which is expressed by low reactivity to the environment, and if persistent, is frequently associated with altered psychological development. Infants born prematurely have a higher probability of developing sustained social withdrawal (adjusted odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.04-3.26) than infants born full term, and there is a correlation between weight at birth and sustained social withdrawal at 12 months of age. Objective The aims of this study are to comp…
Primary nocturnal enuresis as a risk factor for sleep disorders: an observational questionnaire-based multicenter study
2013
Maria Esposito,1 Beatrice Gallai,2 Lucia Parisi,3 Michele Roccella,3 Rosa Marotta,4 Serena Marianna Lavano,4 Giovanni Mazzotta,5 Marco Carotenuto11Center for Childhood Headache, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; 2Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; 3Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 4Department of Psychiatry, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; 5Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, AUSL Umbria 2, Terni, ItalyIntroductio…
Anthropometric measures of Spanish children with autism spectrum disorder
2015
Abstract We aimed to compare body mass index (BMI) and healthy eating index (HEI) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 105) and typically developing (TD, n = 495) children. They were aged 6–9 years, lived in Valencia (Spain) and came from similar cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. In this case–control study, the weight, height and BMI were measured for both groups. Three-day food records were used to assess dietary intake. Although the differences between children with ASD and TD children in raw BMI ( p = 0.44), BMI z -score ( p = 0.37), HEI ( p = 0.43) and total energy intake ( p = 0.86) were not significant, children with ASD and the boys subgroup were shorter (…
Erhöht mütterliche Adipositas das Risiko für kindliche Fehlbildungen?
2008
Aim To investigate the risk of congenital malformations for newborn of obese women (BMI > or = 30) compared with women of average prepregnancy weight. Methods We performed a prospective, population-based case-control study of 20,248 newborn born in the city of Mainz. A total of 1,451 infants (cases) with and 8,088 without congenital malformations (controls) were analysed. The relative risks of associations between obesity and malformations were calculated as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The prevalence of malformations in children of obese mothers is 11.1% and thus approximately 4% higher than those of the total study population. There is a significant odds ra…
Hip pain in adolescents: Results of a cross-sectional study in German pupils and a review of the literature
2007
Aim: To determine the prevalence of hip pain (HP) in adolescents in East Germany and to evaluate the potential factors associated with HP. Design: Cross-sectional epidemiological study of a total of 2368 pupils (1137 males, 1231 females; age 14.5±0.65, range 13–18 y). Demographic data and information on sports activity and consumption of soft legal drugs were obtained using a questionnaire. Physical examination was carried out by school doctors. Odds ratio (OR [95% confidence interval]) was calculated for common factors associated with HP. Results: The prevalence of adolescents suffering from HP was 6.5% (n=151). Pain episodes were reported as occasional in 3.0%. A total of 69 subjects (2.9…
Postoperative complications and waiting time for surgical intervention after radiologically guided drainage of intra-abdominal abscess in patients wi…
2021
Abstract Background In patients with active Crohn’s disease (CD), treatment of intra-abdominal abscess usually comprises antibiotics and radiologically guided percutaneous drainage (PD) preceding surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of postoperative complications and identify the optimal time interval for surgical intervention after PD. Methods A multicentre, international, retrospective cohort study was carried out. Details of patients with diagnosis of CD who underwent ultrasonography- or CT-guided PD were retrieved from hospital records using international classification of disease (ICD-10) diagnosis code for CD combined with procedure code for PD. Clinical variable…