Search results for "Oleum"
showing 10 items of 150 documents
Cr(VI)/Cr(III) and As(V)/As(III) Ratio Assessments in Jordanian Spent Oil Shale Produced by Aerobic Combustion and Anaerobic Pyrolysis
2011
With the increase in the awareness of the public in the environmental impact of oil shale utilization, it is of interest to reveal the mobility of potentially toxic trace elements in spent oil shale. Therefore, the Cr and As oxidation state in a representative Jordanian oil shale sample from the El-Lajjoun area were investigated upon different lab-scale furnace treatments. The anaerobic pyrolysis was performed in a retort flushed by nitrogen gas at temperatures in between 600 and 800 °C (pyrolytic oil shale, POS). The aerobic combustion was simply performed in porcelain cups heated in a muffle furnace for 4 h at temperatures in between 700 and 1000 °C (burned oil shale, BOS). The high loss-…
Applications of xylochemistry from laboratory to industrial scale
2020
Xylochemicals and their utilisation in total synthesis and industrial applications are highlighted in this review. This class of chemicals consists of bio-based molecules or building blocks derived from renewable feedstocks like plant-biomass, lignocellulose as well as waste-streams. The advantages over petroleum-based chemicals are presented with the aid of specific examples ranging from the total synthesis of natural products, relevant industrial applications to the exploitation of CO2 as a C1 feedstock. This review contributes to the trend of a “greener” and a more sustainable chemistry.
Automatic Operation and Control of a Novel Coalescing Centrifugal Pump for Improved Oil/Water Separation
2019
Summary In this paper we present the development and implementation of automatic operation and control for a pump/hydrocyclone produced-water-treatment system to maximize oil/water-separation efficiency. A so-called perturb-and-observe (P&O) algorithm is adapted for a novel centrifugal pump to continuously optimize the point of operation. The novel pump coalesces and increases the size of oil droplets in the produced water, resulting in a unique relationship between the coalescing effect and the point of operation, and allowing for the successful implementation of the P&O algorithm. The algorithm was implemented in two different setups, one measuring the droplet-size distribution be…
Downstream Intra-organizational Product Market Competition Between Employees: A Theoretical Approach
2020
To investigate the downstream internal competition and its effect on firm’s performance comprehensive literature review has been conducted. The concentration is on recognized social dimensions, similar focus is on communications, interactions and interrelationship between departments and business units. The Integration of intra-organizational competition and internal social comparison balances the literature review. Although it is quite controversial to practice and encourage internal competition having it’s sustained effect on behavioral of employees. The basis of literature review relies on human tendency to compare and coordinate work activities inside firm’s boundaries. The literature e…
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Equivalence Ratio (ER) and Feedstock Particle Size on Birchwood Gasification
2017
This paper discusses the characteristics of Birchwood gasification using the simulated results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The CFD model is developed and validated with the experimental results obtained with the fixed bed downdraft gasifier available at the University of Agder (UIA), Norway. In this work, several parameters are examined and given importance, such as producer gas yield, syngas composition, lower heating value (LHV), and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of the syngas. The behavior of the parameters mentioned above is examined by varying the biomass particle size. The diameters of the two biomass particles are 11.5 mm and 9.18 mm. All the parameters investigate wit…
Case studies - Research and technological solutions to prevent sand production in the gas wells from the Getic Depression
2021
A frequent challenge encountered in the exploitation of mature gas fields located in the Getic Depression is sand production. Causes of sand production are mainly related to degree of rock consolidation, lithology, increasing water production and production rates. The effects of sand production are multiple such us low productivity of the gas wells, accumulation into the surface equipment, erosion of downhole and surface equipment, plugging the perforation zone and casing damage. The current paper will address the sand production- challenges and new perspectives in remedial work of wells which are producing from gas reservoirs located in Getic Depression. The article presents through some c…
Microwave-assisted saponification of animal greases for cholesterol determination
1998
Abstract An alternative method for the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters in animal grease samples has been developed. The method consists of the microwave-assisted treatment of 4 g of animal fat or oil with 40 ml of an ethanolic KOH solution inside a 115 ml closed reactor in which samples were irradiated for 2.5 min at 50% power level of an exit power of 700 W. After extraction with petroleum ether and dissolution of the unsaponifiables in toluene, total cholesterol was determined spectrophotometrically by using p-anisidine as a test reagent of the enzymatic reaction of cholesterol through a bienzymic reactor in which cholesterol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were noncovalently immobili…
Contributions to the analysis of organic xenobiotics in fish
1995
For the residue-analysis of fish samples, a method has been developed to separate the medium polar triazines and acetamides together with lipophilic xenobiotics (organochlorine pesticides, PCBs and octachlorostyrene) from fish tissue. The detection limits of the analytes are mostly within the ppt-range (ng/kg fillet) and vary between 40 and 1050 ng/kg fillet of fish. Their recoveries range from 75 to 108%, spiked at 1.5 μg/kg. The substances are extracted with a mixture of petroleum ether/ethylacetate (2:1) using a soxhlet apparatus. Subsequently, the lipids in the sample extracts are reduced to 0.4% by gel chromatography. A 5 g silica gel clean-up separates the analytes according to their …
Development of a new peat-based oil sorbent using peat pyrolysis
2013
The growing use and transport of crude oil and oil products has led to increasing numbers of oil spillages of various scales. Oil sorbents have been extensively used for remediation of the consequences of such accidents. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible use of peat and its thermal treatment products for oil sorption. Peat as an oil sorbent has poor buoyancy characteristics, relatively low oil sorption capacity and low hydrophobicity. However, thermal treatment (low-temperature pyrolysis and synthesis of peat-based activated coal) helps to significantly improve its sorptive characteristics. Peat is a potential material for oil sorption because it has such advantages as lo…
Knock onset prediction of propane, gasoline and their mixtures in spark ignition engines
2016
Gaseous fuels, such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Natural Gas (NG), thanks to their excellent mixing capabilities and high knocking resistance, allow complete and cleaner combustion than gasoline in Spark Ignition (SI) engines, resulting in lower pollutant emissions, above all if particulate matter is considered. In previous works [1,2] the authors proved how the simultaneous combustion of gasoline and gaseous fuel (NG or LPG) may strongly reduce both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions with respect to pure gasoline operation without a significant power loss. These very encouraging results were obtained thanks to the strong knock resistance increase obtained adding gaseous fuel …