Search results for "Oncology"

Melanoma Unknown Primary Brain Metastasis Treatment with ECHO-7 Oncolytic Virus Rigvir: A Case Report

2018

Melanoma is considered an aggressive malignancy with a tendency for forming metastasis in the brain. Less than 10% of all melanoma cases present with unknown primary tumor location. This diagnose is yet to be fully understood, because there are only theoretical assumptions about the nature of this disease. Melanoma brain metastases have many severe side effects and unfortunately, any disease related to the brain has limited therapeutic options due to the blood brain barrier. The course of the disease after completing a treatment course, and stopping the treatment, is complicated to predict and is difficult to obtain long-lasting remission. In this report we describe a female patient with un…

Pimasertib (PIM) versus dacarbazine (DTIC) in patients (pts) with cutaneous NRAS melanoma: a controlled, open-label phase II trial with crossover

2016

Prognostic Value of Immune Environment Analysis in Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas with Verified Mutational Landscape and Predisposing Conditions

2020

Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare yet insidious cancer with poor survival. The abundance of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with improved survival, but the role of the programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway in tumour escape is controversial. We evaluated immune cell infiltration, PD1/PD-L1 expression and their prognostic value in a series of SBAs with previously verified predisposing conditions and exome-wide somatic mutation characterization. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections stained for CD3, CD8, PD-L1 and PD-1 were analysed from 94 SBAs. An immune cell score (ICS) was formed from the amount of the CD3 a…

PD-L1 expression as predictive biomarker in patients with NSCLC: a pooled analysis

2016

// Francesco Passiglia 1, * , Giuseppe Bronte 1, * , Viviana Bazan 1, * , Clara Natoli 2 , Sergio Rizzo 1 , Antonio Galvano 1 , Angela Listi 1 , Giuseppe Cicero 1 , Christian Rolfo 3 , Daniele Santini 4 , Antonio Russo 1 1 Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy 3 Phase I- Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium 4 Medical Oncology Department, Campus Biomedico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy * These auth…

Target Therapies for Uterine Carcinosarcomas: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

2017

Carcinosarcomas (CS) in gynecology are very infrequent and represent only 2–5% of uterine cancers. Despite surgical cytoreduction and subsequent chemotherapy being the primary treatment for uterine CS, the overall five-year survival rate is 30 ± 9% and recurrence is extremely common (50–80%). Due to the poor prognosis of CS, new strategies have been developed in the last few decades, targeting known dysfunctional molecular pathways for immunotherapy. In this paper, we aimed to gather the available evidence on the latest therapies for the treatment of CS. We performed a systematic review using the terms “uterine carcinosarcoma”, “uterine Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumors”, “target therapies”,…

Oxidative signature of cerebrospinal fluid from mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease patients

2015

Abstract Background Several studies suggest that pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain begin around 10–20 years before the onset of cognitive impairment. Biomarkers that can support early diagnosis and predict development of dementia would, therefore, be crucial for patient care and evaluation of drug efficacy. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42, tau, and p-tau are well-established diagnostic biomarkers of AD, there is an urgent need to identify additional molecular alterations of neuronal function that can be evaluated at the systemic level. Objectives This study was focused on the analysis of oxidative stress-related modifications of the CSF proteome, from …

Protein misfolding, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and guanabenz: Protocol for a phase II RCT with futility design (ProMISe trial)

2017

IntroductionRecent studies suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through an altered regulation of the proteostasis, the cellular pathway-balancing protein synthesis and degradation. A key mechanism is thought to be the dephosphorylation of eIF2α, a factor involved in the initiation of protein translation. Guanabenz is an alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist safely used in past to treat mild hypertension and is now an orphan drug. A pharmacological action recently discovered is its ability to modulate the synthesis of proteins by the activation of translational factors preventing misfolded protein accumula…

Impact of BMI on HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients treated with pertuzumab and/or trastuzumab emtansine. Real-world evidence

2020

Body mass index (BMI) is a main indicator of obesity and its association with breast cancer is well established. However, little is known in the metastatic setting, especially in HER2-positive patients. We assessed the influence of BMI on clinical outcomes of patients treated with pertuzumab and/or trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (mBC). BMI was addressed as a categorical variable, being classified on the basis of the following ranges, that is, 18.5-24.9, 25-29.9, and 30.0-34.9, namely, normal weight, overweight, and Class I obesity. The outcomes chosen were progression-free survival to first-line chemotherapy (PFS1) and overall survival (OS). Overall (N = 70…

Neoadjuvant Management of Early Breast Cancer: A Clinical and Investigational Position Statement

2019

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant treatment is increasingly one of the preferred therapeutic options for early breast cancer and may have some unique outcomes, such as identifying predictive and prognostic factors of response or increasing the knowledge of individual tumor biology.DesignA panel of experts from different specialties reviewed published clinical studies on the neoadjuvant management of breast cancer. Recommendations were made that emphasized the clinical multidisciplinary management and the investigational leverage in early breast cancer.ResultsNeoadjuvant therapy has equivalent efficacy to adjuvant therapy, and it has some additional benefits that include increasing breast conser…

A targeted proteomics investigation of the obesity paradox in venous thromboembolism

2021

Abstract The obesity paradox, the controversial finding that obesity promotes disease development but protects against sequelae in patients, has been observed in venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this investigation was to identify a body mass–related proteomic signature in VTE patients and to evaluate whether this signature mediates the obesity paradox in VTE patients. Data from the Genotyping and Molecular Phenotyping in Venous ThromboEmbolism Project, a prospective cohort study of 693 VTE patients, were analyzed. A combined end point of recurrent VTE or all-cause death was used. Relative quantification of 444 proteins was performed using high-throughput targeted proteomics technolo…