Search results for "Oncology"
showing 10 items of 10554 documents
Attachement et parcours de l’aidant face à l’épreuve du cancer
2020
Resume Introduction Depuis le dernier plan cancer 2014–2019, l’evaluation des repercussions de la maladie chez les aidants est devenue essentielle. En effet, la qualite de la relation d’aide participe a la qualite de vie du malade. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principal de cette etude etait de decrire l’evolution de l’attachement de l’aidant de patients ayant un cancer pendant les trois premieres annees d’accompagnement de la maladie. Methode Les aidants ont ete recrutes dans le cadre de l’etude ICE (Informal Carers of Elderly) et accompagnaient un proche, âge de plus de 60 ans, atteint d’un cancer colorectal, du sein ou de la prostate. Ils ont ete rencontres a domicile dans les trois mois …
High numbers of circulating CD57+ NK cells associate with resistance to HER2-specific therapeutic antibodies in HER2+ primary breast cancer.
2019
Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells can orchestrate effective antitumor immunity. The presence of tumor-infiltrating NK cells in diagnostic biopsies predicts pathologic complete response (pCR) to HER2-specific therapeutic antibodies in patients with primary breast cancer. Here, we analyzed whether diversity in circulating NK cells might influence tumor infiltration and HER2-specific therapeutic antibody efficacy. We found that numbers of circulating CD57+ NK cells inversely correlated with pCR to HER2-specific antibody treatment in patients with primary breast cancer independently of age, traditional clinicopathologic factors, and CD16A 158F/V genotype. This association was uncoupled from th…
Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of frankincense: Targets, treatments and toxicities
2019
The oleogum resins of Boswellia species known as frankincense have been used for ages in traditional medicine in India, China and the Arabian world independent of its use for cultural and religious rituals in Europe. During the past two decades, scientific investigations provided mounting evidence for the therapeutic potential of frankincense. We conducted a systematic review on the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of Boswellia species and their chemical ingredients (e.g. 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid, α- and β-boswellic acids, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and other boswellic acids, lupeolic acids, incensole, cembrenes, triterpenediol, tirucallic acids, and olibanumols). Frank…
Analysis of the Gut Microbiota: An Emerging Source of Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
2021
Simple Summary The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and concretely the blockade of the PD1/PDL1 axis, has opened up a new standard of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite substantial advances in clinical care, many patients still remain refractory to these therapies. Biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden have been associated with ICB efficacy, but the mechanisms underlying variable responses are not yet fully understood. Recently, the differential composition of the gut microbiota was studied as one of the variables accounting for interpatient heterogeneity in ICB responses. To better understand the potential role of the gut microbiot…
Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T-Cells - A New Way and Era for Lymphoma Treatment.
2019
Background: Patients with refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma have a poor prognosis with the current standard of care. Objective: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells (CAR T-cells) are functionally reprogrammed lymphocytes, which are able to recognize and kill tumor cells. The aim of this study is to make progress in this area. Method: A mini-review was achieved using the articles published in Web of Science and PubMed in the last year and the new patents were made in this field. Results: The responses to CAR T-cell products axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel are promising; the objective response rate can reach up to 83%, and the complete response rate ranges betwee…
Acute surgical abdomen during the COVID‑19 pandemic: Clinical and therapeutic challenges
2021
The present study investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical presentation and therapeutic management of acute surgical abdomen. A retrospective study of emergency hospitalizations with a diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen between April and July 2020 vs. a similar period in 2019 was performed. The observation sheets and the operating protocols were analyzed. Between April and July 2020, 50 cases of acute surgical abdomen were hospitalized and treated, compared to 43 cases in the same period last year. The main types of pathology in both groups included: Occlusions (60%, respectively 44.2% in 2019) and peritonitis (32%, respectively 41.8% in 2019). There was an increas…
Impact of glucocorticoids on systemic sirtuin 1 expression and activity in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis
2020
The class III histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a pivotal role in numerous biological and physiological functions, including inflammation. An association between SIRT1 and proinflammatory cytokines might exist. In addition to their important role in inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), proinflammatory cytokines mediate the development of systemic effects. Here, we evaluated systemic SIRT1 expression and enzymatic activity, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in liver isolated from rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), treated or not with low or high doses of glucocorticoids (GCs). We also measured the production of tumour necrosis factor alph…
Immune checkpoint blockade for Merkel cell carcinoma: actual findings and unanswered questions
2019
Purpose: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the skin. We aimed to review and deal with some of the most relevant controversial topics on the correct use of immunotherapy for the treatment of MCC. Methods: The primary search was carried out via PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (until 31st May, 2018), while other articles and guidelines were retrieved from related papers or those referenced in these papers. Additionally, we performed an extensive search on ClinicalTrials.gov to gather information on the ongoing clinical trials related to this specific topic. Results: We performed an up-to-date critical review taking into account the…
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
2020
Simple Summary The outcome for patients with rectal cancer has significantly improved over the last thirty years. Previously, local relapses in the pelvis occurred in more than one third of all patients with apparently localized tumors. Total mesorectal excision was the first step to improve local control by reducing local relapses to less than 5%. Preoperative radiation, either short-course or long-course with concurrent administration of chemotherapy, was a second important step for reducing local relapses to a minimum, even in locally advanced tumors where a clean surgical resection was not possible or would not be curative. Magnetic resonance imaging is a very useful tool for locoregion…
Abstract OT1-08-04: A first-in-human phase Ia dose escalation study of GDC-0077, a p110a-selective and mutant-degrading PI3K inhibitor, in patients w…
2020
Abstract Background: Activating mutations in PIK3CA, encoding the p110α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), are highly prevalent in breast cancer and solid tumor malignancies. GDC-0077 is a potent p110α-selective inhibitor with a novel mechanism of action that degrades mutant p110α and anti-tumor activity in PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer xenograft models as a single agent and in combination with anti-estrogens with or without a CDK4/6 inhibitor. An open-label, Phase I dose-escalation study of GDC-0077 monotherapy and GDC-0077 combined with endocrine therapies and palbociclib is underway in patients (pts) with locally advanced or metastatic PIK3CA-mutant solid tumors. Data from th…