Search results for "Opium"

Understanding the Stabilization and Tunability of Divalent Europium 2.2.2B Cryptates

2021

Lanthanides such as europium with more accessible divalent states are useful for studying redox stability afforded by macrocyclic organic ligands. Substituted cryptands, such as 2.2.2B cryptand, that increase the oxidative stability of divalent europium also provide coordination environments that support synthetic alterations of Eu(II) cryptate complexes. Two single crystal structures were obtained containing nine-coordinate Eu(II) 2.2.2B cryptate complexes that differ by a single coordination site, the occupation of which is dictated by changes in reaction conditions. A crystal structure containing a [Eu(2.2.2B)Cl]+ complex is obtained from a methanol-THF solvent mixture, while a methanol-…

(Table 1) Geochemistry of ODP Site 160-963 sediments

2010

The Mediterranean Sea acts as a miniature ocean with the development of its own conveyor belt. It constitutes an ideal location to study and forecast how the marine environment responds to rapid climatic change. Here we present a palaeoenvironmental study carried out on the sediments of ODP Site 963, recovered in the Sicily Channel, the sill which divides the western from the eastern Mediterranean basin. We focused on the transition between the penultimate glacial (MIS 6) and the last interglacial (MIS 5), between approximately 130 and 115 kyr BP. A novel approach is proposed, taking into account centennial-scale geochemical data on major elements, selected trace elements, and yttrium and R…

Material, mental, and moral progress : American conceptions of civilization in late 19th century studies on "things Chinese and Japanese"

2015

Electron paramagnetic resonance and photoluminescence investigation of europium local structure in oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing SrF2 nanocry…

2017

Different compositions of europium doped aluminosilicate oxyfluoride glass ceramics prepared in air atmosphere have been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical spectroscopy methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements show presence of homogenously distributed SrF2 nanocrystals after the heat treatment of the precursor glass. Efficient Eu3+ incorporation in the high symmetry environment of glass ceramics is observed from the photoluminescence spectra. EPR spectra indicate Eu3+ → Eu2+ reduction upon precipitation of crystalline phases in the glass matrix. For composition abundant with Eu2+ in the glassy state such behaviour is …

From Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Guidelines to Current Clinical Practice

2006

Background: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines have been promulgated to improve the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Objective: To evaluate the extent to which the current therapeutic approach to COPD conforms to GOLD guidelines. Methods: This was a multicentre observational study of elderly COPD patients enrolled for acute care in general medicine or geriatric wards in tertiary hospitals in Italy in April 2002. Our series consisted of 471 patients >64 years of age consecutively admitted for acute exacerbations of COPD to wards participating in the study. Data describing drugs used prior to exacerbation and prescribed at …

Guideline on management of the acute asthma attack in children by Italian Society of Pediatrics

2018

Abstract Background Acute asthma attack is a frequent condition in children. It is one of the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) visit and hospitalization. Appropriate care is fundamental, considering both the high prevalence of asthma in children, and its life-threatening risks. Italian Society of Pediatrics recently issued a guideline on the management of acute asthma attack in children over age 2, in ambulatory and emergency department settings. Methods The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was adopted. A literature search was performed using the Cochrane Library and Medline/PubMed databases, retrieving studies in Englis…

Effects of long-acting bronchodilators in COPD patients according to COPD severity and ICS use

2013

SummaryBackgroundIndacaterol is a once-daily, long-acting β2-agonist bronchodilator that improves dyspnoea and health status in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. While its bronchodilator effects have been shown to be maintained in different patient subgroups, effects on clinical outcomes in certain subgroups are not yet defined.MethodsPost-hoc analysis of pooled clinical study data to investigate efficacy and safety of indacaterol compared with placebo and other long-acting bronchodilators (formoterol, salmeterol, open-label tiotropium) in patient subgroups defined by COPD severity (GOLD stage II or III; n = 4082) and ICS use at baseline (no/yes; n = 4088). Efficacy outcomes were troug…

Increased levels of Th17 cells are associated with non-neuronal acetylcholine in COPD patients.

2014

T-lymphocytes, including Th17-cells and T-cells expressing acetylcholine (ACh), are key components of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated whether ACh promotes Th17 cells in COPD. ACh, IL-17A, IL-22, RORγt, FOXP3 expression and AChIL-17A, AChIL-22, AChRORγt coexpression was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from COPD patients (n=16), healthy smokers (HS) (n=12) and healthy control subjects (HC) (n=13) (cultured for 48 h with PMA) by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we studied the effect of Tiotropium (Spiriva®) (100 nM) and Olodaterol (1nM) alone or in combination, and of hemicholinium-3 (50 μM) on AChIL-17A, AChIL-22, AChRO…

In vitro anticholinergic drugs affect CD8+ peripheral blood T-cells apoptosis in COPD

2011

Novel pharmacological strategies are aimed at the resolution of systemic inflammation in COPD potentiating peripheral blood T-cell (PBT-cell) apoptosis. Although muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) M(3) and choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) participate in the airway inflammation of COPD, their role in PBT-cell apoptosis remains unexplained. We evaluated in PBT-cells from COPD patients, smoker (S) and control (C) subjects: (1) apoptosis (by annexin V binding), (2) mAChR M(3) and ChAT expression, acetylcholine (ACh)-binding; (3) choline levels in serum and PBT-cells extracts. We tested the effects of Tiotropium (Spiriva(®)) and hemicholinium-3 (HCh-3) on apoptosis, NFκB pathway, caspas…

Indacaterol vs tiotropium in COPD patients classified as GOLD A and B

2015

SummaryIntroductionAccording to current GOLD strategy, patients with COPD classified as groups A and B may be treated with inhaled bronchodilators, either long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). However, there is little guidance on which class of agent is preferred and a lack of prospective data to differentiate the two.MethodsIn this study, we performed post-hoc analyses of pooled data from two prospective, controlled clinical trials comparing the LABA indacaterol and LAMA tiotropium in 1422 patients with moderate airflow limitation and no history of exacerbations in the previous year. This population fits the definitions of GOLD A and B groups and could …