Search results for "Optimization"

THE IMPACT OF TAX COMPETITION AND HARMONISATION IN THE EU IN RELATION TO FISCAL OPTIMISATION

2018

Fiscal competition and harmonisation are topical issues and the controversy generated by preferences for one or the other is due to the effects they generate in the economies of the EU member states. The practice of tax competition to a smaller or larger extent by some of the Member States is often identified with tax optimisation practices. Thus, in the economies of developed or emerging countries, the effects are both on the labour market, in the collection of indirect taxes (VAT or excise duties), but also in the transfer of profits versus transfer prices. The European fora are working hard for the uniformity of European legislation, but also to determine the governments of the Member St…

Formation structure of optimality by thermoeconomics: disassembling thermodynamic and external influences in energy systems’ design

2009

In this paper an original thermoeconomic approach for the optimization of complex energy systems is presented, based on a revitalized concept of “scope”, and therefore indicated as Scope Oriented Thermoeconomics (SOT). In plants including dissipative components, it allows to formulate non-arbitrary allocation criteria as concerns marginal costs; consequently, the optimization process is disassembled to recognize the Formation Structure of Optimality, i.e. the specific influences of thermodynamic and economic parameters in the path toward the optimal design. The method is applied to a very didascalic example, that is the optimization of the condensation temperature in a vapour compression ch…

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization in an integrated CAD/FEM environment

2008

Data from: Optimizing management to enhance multifunctionality in a boreal forest landscape

2016

1. The boreal biome, representing approximately one third of remaining global forests, provides a number of crucial ecosystem services. A particular challenge in forest ecosystems is to reconcile demand for increased timber production with provisioning of other ecosystem services and biodiversity. However, there is still little knowledge about how forest management could help solve this challenge. Hence, studies that investigate how to manage forests to reduce trade-offs between ecosystem services and biodiversity are urgently needed to help forest owners and policy-makers take informed decisions. 2. We applied seven alternative forest management regimes using a forest growth simulator in a…

Improving the Effect of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS): A Systematic Review

2021

With the development of electrical stimulation technology, traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) technology has been found to have the drawback of not targeting a specific area accurately. Studies have shown that optimizing the number and position of electrodes during electrical stimulation has a very good effect on enhancing brain stimulation accuracy. At present, an increasing number of laboratories have begun to optimize tACS. However, there has been no study summarizing the optimization methods of tACS. Determining whether different optimization methods are effective and the optimization approach could provide information that could guide future tACS research. …

Stationary, Second Use Battery Energy Storage Systems and Their Applications: A Research Review

2021

The global demand for electricity is rising due to the increased electrification of multiple sectors of economic activity and an increased focus on sustainable consumption. Simultaneously, the share of cleaner electricity generated by transient, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy is increasing. This has made additional buffer capacities for electrical grids necessary. Battery energy storage systems have been investigated as storage solutions due to their responsiveness, efficiency, and scalability. Storage systems based on the second use of discarded electric vehicle batteries have been identified as cost-efficient and sustainable alternatives to first use battery storage syste…

Optimization of trigeneration systems by Mathematical Programming: influence of plant scheme and boundary conditions

2014

The large potential for energy saving by cogeneration and trigeneration in the building sector is scarcely exploited due to a number of obstacles in making the investment attractive. The analyst often encounters difficulties in identifying optimal design and operation strategies, since a number of factors, either endogenous (i.e. related with the energy load profiles) and exogenous (i.e. related with external conditions like energy prices and support mechanisms), influence the economic viability. In this paper a decision tool is presented, that simultaneously optimizes the plant lay-out, the sizes of the main components and their operation strategy. For a specific building in the hotel sect…

Activated Carbon Production from Peat Using ZnCl2 : Characterization and Applications

2017

The process for producing activated carbon from peat was optimized. The peat was impregnated with different ratios of ZnCl2, and the impregnated biomass was activated at different temperatures. The specific surface area, pore size distribution, total carbon content, and yield of the activated carbon were investigated. The best results for the specific surface area and mesoporosity of the activated peat were obtained by using a high impregnation ratio (2) and high activation temperature (1073 K). Highly porous activated carbon was produced that had a specific surface area of approximately 1000 m2/g and total pore volume that was higher than 0.5 cm3/g for most samples. The activated carbon ha…

Use cases for operational decision support system

2008

Regularity for nonlinear stochastic games

2015

We establish regularity for functions satisfying a dynamic programming equation, which may arise for example from stochastic games or discretization schemes. Our results can also be utilized in obtaining regularity and existence results for the corresponding partial differential equations. peerReviewed