Search results for "Orchid"

Breeding of Orchids Using Conventional and Biotechnological Methods: Advances and Future Prospects

2023

The domestication of plants, including ornamental plants, is an ancient tradition based on human curiosity and is the first form of plant breeding based on modern agriculture. However, recent advances in biotechnology, molecular biology, and genetic engineering, associated with better knowledge of the genome, have enabled numerous achievements to advance agriculture towards a new green revolution. In orchids, it has not been different, and recent advances in genome sequencing and the development of more sophisticated breeding techniques based on biotechnology have demonstrated their applicability for the constitution of more sophisticated cultivars. However, conventional breeding by directe…

Contributo alla caratterizzazione morfoanatomica e micromorfologica fogliare delle Orchidaceae siciliane: Limodorum abortivum E Neottia nidus-avis

2009

Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships.

2021

Pérez-Escobar, Oscar Alejandro, Dodsworth, Steven, Bogarín, Diego, Bellot, Sidonie, Balbuena, Juan A, Schley, Rowan J, Kikuchi, Izai A, Morris, Sarah K, Epitawalage, Niroshini, Cowan, Robyn, Maurin, Olivier, Zuntini, Alexandre, Arias, Tatiana, Serna-Sánchez, Alejandra, Gravendeel, Barbara, Torres Jimenez, Maria Fernanda, Nargar, Katharina, Chomicki, Guillaume, Chase, Mark W, Leitch, Ilia J, Forest, Félix, Baker, William J (2021): Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships. American journal of botany 108 (7): 1166-1180, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7778176

Pollination and reproductive success of two colour variants of a deceptive orchid, Dactylorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae)

2002

Polymorphism in petal colour is common in deceptively pollinated plant species. Most of the deceptively pollinated orchids are food frauds, and in most of them, the deception is not mimetic. These plants have conspicuously coloured flowers which they use as the main attractant of naive pollinators. In a field experiment, we studied the response of bumblebees and other types of flower visitors to colour differences between experimentally paired plants of Dactylorhiza maculata, a nectarless food-deceptive species. In addition, pollen removal, an estimate of male fitness, and fruit production, an estimate of female fitness, were measured in the two colour variants. We found a trend of bumblebe…

Position-dependent reproductive success of flowers in Dactylorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae)

2000

1. This study explores the importance of flower position for reproductive success of individual flowers of the deceptive terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo. 2. Upper flowers had smaller lips and produced lighter pollinia than those in other parts of the inflorescence, probably due to architectural effects. 3. Dry weight of seed capsules decreased from bottom to top in the inflorescence in both open-pollinated and hand-pollinated plants. However, removal of flowers from the middle and lowest parts of the inflorescence considerably increased seed production of the upper flowers. Decreased seed set was due to decreased resource availability because of the long maintenance time …

The chemical composition of the floral extract of Epipogium Aphyllum sw. (Orchidaceae): A cluefor thier pollination biology

2014

Epipogium aphyllum is a rare European obligate mycoheterotrophic orchid lacking chlorophyll. It has not been studied previously with respect to pollination biology. We studied the association between the composition of floral scent emission and its pollination systems. Field observation indicates that the main pollinators of Epipogium aphyllum are representatives of the genus Bombus (Hymenoptera), B. lucorum, B. hortorum, B. terrestris, B. pascuorum and B. proteus, and the genus Apis (Hymenoptera) namely A. mellifera. The main potential vector (observed to accidentally carry pollen), is most likely Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera, Syrphidae). The chemical composition of the floral extracts of…

Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield insights into orchid relationships

2020

ABSTRACTPremise of the studyEvolutionary relationships in the species-rich Orchidaceae have historically relied on organellar DNA sequences and limited taxon sampling. Previous studies provided a robust plastid-maternal phylogenetic framework, from which multiple hypotheses on the drivers of orchid diversification have been derived. However, the extent to which the maternal evolutionary history of orchids is congruent with that of the nuclear genome has remained uninvestigated.MethodsWe inferred phylogenetic relationships from 294 low-copy nuclear genes sequenced/obtained using the Angiosperms353 universal probe set from 75 species representing 69 genera, 16 tribes and 24 subtribes. To test…

A new subspecies of Epipactis microphylla (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae) from Pantelleria Island (Sicily)

2021

A new subspecies of Epipactis microphylla, proposed as subsp. cossyrensis is described and illustrated from Pantelleria, a volcanic island near Sicily. It differs from subsp. microphylla mainly in the shape and size of leaves and bracts and several floral traits. This taxon, previously attributed to E. pollinensis, a species currently treated as a synonym of E. purpurata, grows in the undergrowth of thermophilous woodlands occurring on the top of the island, where it numbers a few tens of individuals. The conservation status, phenology and taxonomic remarks are provided. Keys for the species belonging to the Epipactis atrorubens group (= subsect. Atrorubensae), including E. microphylla, are…

Deceptive pollination of Dactylorhiza incarnata: an experimental test of the magnet species hypothesis

1994

Floral deception, which mainly appears in highly evolved families such as Orchidaceae, was studied in Central Finland. In nectarless Dactylorhiza incarnata, the deceptive pollination system has been considered to function best in remote habitats such as marshes, where flowering plants attractive to pollinators are rare (remote habitats hypothesis). In contrast, the magnet-species theory predicts that a nectarless plant benefits from growing in the vicinity of nectarcontaining species. We tested these hypotheses by adding attractive, nectar-containg violets (Viola x wittrockiana) to orchid populations. The percentage of fruit set in D. incarnata was adversely affected by the violets, probabl…

Nutrient versus pollination limitation in Platanthera bifolia and Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae)

2000

Availability of resources and pollination services have been demonstrated to have impact on reproductive success in some orchid species, but to our knowledge no studies have examined the effects of nutrient application and pollination limitation in the same experiment. In this study, factors limiting reproductive success were studied with two terrestrial orchid species in Central Finland during 1996 and 1997. In a field experiment using a factorial design, plants of nectar-producing Platanthera bifolia and nectarless Dactylorhiza incarnata were treated with nutrient application and hand-pollination. Inflorescence size was considered as an indicator of attractiveness to pollinators as well a…