Search results for "Orthopedic Surgery"

Reduction and variability of trunk spines in the acanthocephalan Corynosoma cetaceum: the role of physical constraints on attachment

2005

. In this study, we investigated a functional trade-off between trunk attachment and trunk-spine development in the acanthocephalan Corynosoma cetaceum. The worms live attached to the stomach and upper intestine of their cetacean definitive hosts, using the proboscis and spiny foretrunk as the main holdfast; the spiny hindtrunk can also attach by bending ventrally. When the hindtrunk bends, ventral compression generates an anterior fold (AF) and a posterior fold (PF). A morphological analysis based on 7,823 individuals collected from 10 franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei, revealed that spines were smaller and more variable in size and occurrence in the folds than on neighboring ar…

Nonadherence in outpatient thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparins after major orthopaedic surgery

2010

Background: According to some current guidelines, extended thromboprophylaxis after hip and knee arthroplasties is recommended. Outpatient prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) is an important part of this prophylaxis, although the rates of adherence to these regimens is not known. Questions/purposes: We determined (1) the degree of nonadherence (NA) of patients with LMWH outpatient prophylaxis, and (2) whether specific independent factors explain NA. Methods: NA was determined by syringe count and by indirect and direct questions to patients. We defined six different NA indicators. To identify factors explaining LMWH NA, we used three different logistic regression models. R…

Cementless acetabular reconstruction and structural bone-grafting in dysplastic hips. Surgical technique.

2007

BACKGROUND: Studies of acetabular reconstruction with use of cement and bulk bone graft have demonstrated increasing rates of cup failure in patients with dysplastic hips seven years after total hip arthroplasty. Comparable data on the long-term results of bulk bone-grafting done in conjunction with cementless implants are limited. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and radiographic results of autologous bulk bone-grafting in conjunction with a cementless cup. METHODS: From 1987 to 1992, forty-seven patients (forty women and seven men, with an average age of 50.4 years) who had developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent fifty-six total hip arthroplasties and received a struc…

Frozen shoulder: a sympathetic dystrophy?

2000

Diagnostic and clinical features of the frozen shoulder syndrome and the Sudeck syndrome are similar in many aspects. Radioisotope bone scan shows an increased uptake in affected areas in both diseases, while native radiographs show a progressive demineralisation. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by quantitative digital radiography objectified these local decalcification processes in an early stage of the frozen shoulder syndrome; 10 of 12 patients with primary frozen shoulder had BMD decreases greater 21% in the humeral head of the affected shoulder compared to the non-affected side. In the immobilised control group with degenerative changes of the rotator cuff, calcifying tendini…

MRI of transient osteoporosis of the hip.

1991

Among the available imaging techniques such as conventional radiography, radionuclide bone scan, and computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made significant contributions to the diagnosis of acute hip joint disease in adults by enabling early differentiation between such conditions as idiopathic avascular femoral head necrosis, septic coxitis, degenerative disease, and tumors. In this study we investigated the use of MRI for evaluation of patients with transient osteoporosis (TO). MRI with T1- and T2-weighted sequences in coronal, transverse, and sagittal sections was performed in 12 patients with retrospectively confirmed TO, both at the onset of the disease and lat…

Transient regional osteoporosis.

2014

Transient regional osteoporosis (TRO) is a disease that predisposes to fragility fracture in weight bearing joints of mid-life women and men. Pregnant women may also suffer the process, usually at the hip. The prevalence of TRO is lower than the systemic form, associated with postmenopause and advanced age, but may be falsely diminished by under-diagnosis. The disease may be uni- or bilateral, and may migrate to distinct joints. One main feature of TRO is spontaneous recovery. Pain and progressive limitation in the functionality of the affected joint(s) are key symptoms. In the case of the form associated with pregnancy, difficulties in diagnosis derive from the relatively young age at pres…

Influence of the Screw Positioning on the Stability of Locking Plate for Proximal Tibial Fractures: A Numerical Approach

2020

Tibial fractures are common injuries in people. The proper treatment of these fractures is important in order to recover complete mobility. The aim of this work was to investigate if screw positioning in plates for proximal tibial fractures can affect the stability of the system, and if it can consequently influence the patient healing time. In fact, a more stable construct could allow the reduction of the non-weight-bearing period and consequently speed up the healing process. For that purpose, virtual models of fractured bone/plate assemblies were created, and numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the reaction forces and the maximum value of the contact pressure at the screw/bo…

2019

Ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) imaging has been previously used to describe the characteristics of patellar and Achilles tendons. UTC imaging compares and correlates successive ultrasonographic transverse tendon images to calculate the distribution of four color-coded echo-types that represent different tendon tissue types. However, UTC has not been used to describe the characteristics of patellar tendons after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the intra and inter-rater reliability of the UTC in unharvested and harvested patellar tendons of patients undergoing ACLR. Intra and inter-rater reliability of both UTC da…

(i) Comminuted patellar fractures

2006

Summary Purpose of review This article reviews current best practice for the diagnosis and treatment of comminuted patellar fractures. Recent findings Patellar fractures make up about 1% of all fractures. As a rule, fractures of the patella are caused by direct trauma to the knee. A transverse fracture is the most common fracture type. Open reduction and internal fixation is the treatment of choice for the majority of displaced patellar fractures. Treatment must achieve anatomic reduction of the articular surface and reestablish the continuity of the extensor mechanism. Tension-band wiring, interfragmentary screw fixation and a combination of cerclage wiring and screw fixation are the most …

Impaired geometric properties of tibia in older women with hip fracture history.

2007

This study evaluated side-to-side differences in tibial mineral mass and geometry in women with previous hip fracture sustained on average 3.5 years earlier. Both tibial mineral mass and geometry were found to be reduced in the fractured leg. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate side-to-side differences in tibial mineral mass and geometry after hip fracture and to assess the determinants of such differences. METHODS: Thirty-eight 60- to 85-year-old women with a previous hip fracture and 22 same-aged control women without fractures participated in the study. Bone characteristics of the distal tibia and tibial shaft of both legs were assessed using pQCT in order to compare …