Search results for "Osmolar Concentration"

showing 6 items of 106 documents

Osmolality of various viscoelastic substances: comparative study.

2000

Abstract Purpose To determine the osmolality of various viscoelastic substances. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, and Institute for Medical Device Testing, Memmingen, Germany. Methods The analysis was carried out according to the European Pharmacopoeia by means of a calibrated osmometer using the freezing-point depression method. Each syringe was analyzed as a duplicate analysis. Results Mean osmolalities (mOsmol/kg) of the sodium hyaluronate viscoelastic substances were Allervisc® 299; Allervisc® Plus 307; Amvisc® Plus 335; AMO Vitrax® 284; Biolon® 279; Dispasan® 311; Dispasan® Plus 314; Healon® 295; Healon GV® 312; Healon®5 322; HYA-Ophtal® 376; M…

medicine.medical_specialtyCorneal endotheliumAnterior ChamberSodium hyaluronateCataract ExtractionMethylcelluloseOsmolar ConcentrationInjectionsCorneachemistry.chemical_compoundHypromellose DerivativesOsmometerOphthalmologymedicineHumansIn patientProtease InhibitorsHyaluronic AcidViscoelastic SubstancesOsmotic concentrationbusiness.industryOsmolar ConcentrationReproducibility of ResultsHypromellose DerivativesSensory SystemsOphthalmologychemistrySurgerybusinessJournal of cataract and refractive surgery
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Hypoosmolar conditions reduce extracellular volume fraction and enhance epileptiform activity in the CA3 region of the immature rat hippocampus

2006

The osmolarity of the extracellular space (ECS) compartment is an important factor determining the excitability of neuronal tissue. In the adult hippocampus an important role of osmolarity and ECS diffusion parameters on the susceptibility to epileptic events is well established, but the influence of hypo- and hyperosmolar conditions on the immature hippocampus remains elusive. To investigate the influence of osmolarity on epileptiform activity, extracellular field potentials were recorded in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices of immature (postnatal days 4-7) Wistar rats. The ECS diffusion parameters were determined by the real-time tetramethylammonium (TMA+) iontophoretic method with ion…

medicine.medical_specialtyHippocampusAlpha (ethology)In Vitro TechniquesHippocampal formationHippocampusCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundInternal medicinePotassium Channel BlockersmedicineExtracellularAnimalsMagnesium4-AminopyridineRats WistarNeuronsOsmoleTetramethylammoniumEpilepsyDose-Response Relationship DrugOsmotic concentrationIontophoresisOsmolar ConcentrationRatsQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsEndocrinologyAnimals NewbornHypotonic SolutionschemistryExtracellular SpaceNeuroscienceJournal of Neuroscience Research
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NephroCheck: should we consider urine osmolality?

2019

medicine.medical_specialtyLetterCritical Care030232 urology & nephrologyMEDLINEUrine030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyCritical Care and Intensive Care MedicineAcute Kidney Injury; Biomarkers Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins Research Design Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 Urine Osmolar ConcentrationOsmolar Concentration03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineHumansTissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2Intensive Care Medicinebusiness.industryOsmolar Concentrationlcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aidlcsh:RC86-88.9Acute Kidney InjuryInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding ProteinsResearch DesignEmergency medicineUrine osmolalitybusinessBiomarkersCritical Care
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Muscarinic mobilization of choline in rat brain in vivo as shown by the cerebral arterio-venous difference of choline.

1987

In anesthetized rats, the choline levels of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma obtained from blood collected from peripheral vessels (carotid artery, cardiac vessels) and from the transverse sinus were determined with a radioenzymatic assay. Cortical release of choline was studied using the "cup technique." The plasma choline level of the peripheral blood (11.5 mumol/L) was lower than that of the sinus blood. The resulting cerebral arterio-venous difference of choline was negative (3.2 mumol/L) and reflected the net release of choline from the whole brain. The plasma choline levels were not different irrespective of whether the rats were anesthetized with ether, urethane, or pentobarbital. Howe…

medicine.medical_specialtyPentobarbitalAgingBiochemistryCholineVeinsCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundCerebrospinal fluidIn vivoInternal medicineMuscarineBlood plasmaMuscarinic acetylcholine receptormedicineOxotremorineCholineAnimalsOsmolar ConcentrationBrainVenous PlasmaArteriesDietRatsEndocrinologychemistryCerebrovascular Circulationmedicine.drugJournal of neurochemistry
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Modulation of central corneal thickness by various riboflavin eyedrop compositions in porcine corneas

2012

Purpose To evaluate the modulatory effect of various riboflavin 0.1% and 0.2% compositions on the central corneal thickness (CCT) in fresh porcine corneas. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany. Design Experimental study. Methods The CCT in freshly enucleated porcine globes was measured by ultrasound pachymetry before and after (if applicable) deepithelialization and every 10 minutes thereafter during 120 minutes of eyedrop application. In Groups 1 and 2 (controls), no eyedrops were applied. In Groups 3 and 4, isotonic riboflavin eyedrops were used. In Groups 5 to 9, hypotonic riboflavin eyedrops were given. In Groups 10 and 11, preparat…

medicine.medical_specialtySwineRiboflavinRiboflavinCorneaCorneal edemaCorneaOphthalmologyIsotonicAnimalsMedicineBody Weights and MeasuresUltrasonographyPhotosensitizing Agentsbusiness.industryCorneal EdemaOsmolar ConcentrationUltrasound pachymetryHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationSensory SystemsSurgeryOphthalmologyCross-Linking ReagentsOphthalmic solutionsmedicine.anatomical_structurePhotochemotherapySurgeryOphthalmic SolutionsbusinessJournal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
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Modulation by docosahexaenoic acid of the epinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of the bovine retina.

1988

This work shows that unsaturated fatty acids enhance the epinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in bovine retina. The modulating effect on the epinephrine-stimulated formation of cyclic AMP seems to be linked to the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid. Treatment of the intact retina with docosahexaenoic acid in the concentration range 0.5 X 10(-6)-1 X 10(-3) M does not affect the enzyme activity measured in the absence of the hormone but markedly increases the cyclase activity when the tissue is incubated in the presence of 0.1 mM epinephrine. Docosahexaenoic acid enhances the maximal response to epinephrine without affecting the apparent ED50 value for this effector. Docosa…

medicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsDocosahexaenoic AcidsEpinephrineAdenylate kinaseBiologyBiochemistryRetinaCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceInternal medicinemedicineAnimalschemistry.chemical_classificationFatty AcidsHistological TechniquesOsmolar ConcentrationFatty acidEnzyme assayStimulation ChemicalEndocrinologyEpinephrineEnzymeBiochemistrychemistryDocosahexaenoic acidbiology.proteinCattleCyclase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acidmedicine.drugAdenylyl CyclasesJournal of neurochemistry
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