Search results for "Oxidation."

Hypolipidaemic effects of fenofibrate are not altered by mildronate-mediated normalization of carnitine concentration in rat liver.

1999

The five-fold higher carnitine content in the liver of fenofibrate-treated rats addresses the question about the possible role of this enhancement in the hypolipidaemic effect of the drug and the underlying mechanisms. When fenofibrate was administered with mildronate (a gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor) in suitable amount, the content in carnitine was found to be normalized in liver. However, triglyceride contents of liver and serum were then at least as low as in rats treated by fenofibrate only. When carnitine concentration was lowered by mildronate to the third of the normal value, a marked increase in triglycerides occurred both in liver and serum, while the five-fold increase…

Inhibition of Granulocyte Function by Prednisolone and Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Quantitative Evaluation with NBT Test and its Correlation…

1980

The effect of prednisolone and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on PMNL (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) oxidative metabolism was quantified with a newly standardized NBT test, and it was investigated whether these effects correlate with phagocytosing capacity of PMNL. Prednisolone inhibits NBT reduction in dose dependency already at concentrations, which do not interfere with phagocytosis. Thus prednisolone dissociates phagocytosis and phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolism. High doses of prednisolone also inhibit phagocytosis. These effects of prednisolone are still demonstrable when PMNL are washed after pre-incubation with the drug. The non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (indome…

Cytometric analysis for drug-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells

2009

Drugs are capable of inducing hepatic lipid accumulation. When fat accumulates, lipids are primarily stored as triglycerides which results in steatosis and provides substrates for lipid peroxidation. An in vitro multiparametric flow cytometry assay was performed in HepG2 cells by using fluorescent probes to analyze cell viability (propidium iodide, PI), lipid accumulation (BODIPY493/503), mitochondrial membrane potential (tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester, TMRM) and reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) (2',7'-dihydrochlorofluorescein diacetate, DHCF-DA) as functional markers. All the measurements were restricted to live cells by gating the cells that excluded PI or those that exhibited…

Environmentally driven changes in Baltic salmon oxidative status during marine migration.

2020

The fitness and recruitment of fish stocks can be markedly affected by environmental disturbances including global warming, eutrophication and contamination. Understanding the effects of environmental stressors on salmon physiology during marine residence is of a global concern as marine survival has decreased. We present a unique combination of physiological responses - antioxidant defence and oxidative damage biomarkers, stable isotopes and contaminant exposure biomarkers - measured from adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) collected at the Baltic Sea and studied in relation to environmental variables and fitness estimates. The results demonstrate that feeding populations of salmon display…

Electrochemical incineration of organic pollutants: effect of the nature of the pollutants and of the temperature

2009

The electrochemical oxidation of some organic pollutants, including three carboxylic acids (oxalic, formic and maleic), at boron doped diamond (BDD) and DSA anodes, using galvanostatic alimentation, was investigated in order to study the effect of the temperature and of the nature of the pollutants on the process. In incineration electrolyses, the performances of the process in terms of carboxylic acid conversion and current efficiency dramatically depend on the adopted operative conditions. The abatement of the organic pollutant depends on the nature of the carboxylic acid. Quite interestingly, the opposite effect of the nature of the substrate on the performances of the process was observ…

Electrochemically Prepared High-k Thin Films for Resistive Switching Devices

Sustainable electroorganic synthesis of lignin-derived dicarboxylic acids

2020

The oxidative ring opening of lignin-derived alkylated cyclohexanols to bio-based alkylated dicarboxylic acids is successfully performed by an electrocatalytic conversion. To establish this transformation as a green method, we developed a simple protocol for the anodic oxidation at nickel oxide-hydroxide (NiOOH) foam anodes in caustic soda in both a batch and flow electrolysis approach.

Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants in water at metal oxide electrodes: A simple theoretical model including direct and indirect oxidatio…

2009

Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of organics in water at metal oxide electrodes was investigated with the aim to discuss the correlations between the instantaneous current efficiency ICE and operative conditions by considering both the hypothesis of a direct oxidation process and of an indirect process mediated by adsorbed hydroxyl radicals or chemisorbed “oxygen”, in order to explicit the main differences expected between these cases. Thus, a simple theoretical model was discussed, as an extension of previous studies of Comnnellis and co-workers which were focused on indirect oxidation paths [C. Comninellis, Electrochim. Acta 39 (1994) 1857; O. Simond, V. Schaller, Ch. Comninellis, E…

Electrochemical treatment of paper mill wastewater by electro-Fenton process

2019

Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of organics in paper mill wastewater belonging to Halfa industries (Tunisia) was performed by galvanostatic electrolyses using electro-Fenton (EF) process. The effect of several operating parameters, such as applied current density, electrodes material, air pressure and the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) was evaluated. In particular, carbon felt (CF), modified carbon felt (MCF) and gas diffusion electrode (GDE) were used as cathode while Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 and Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) as anode. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) measure was chosen as reference parameter to assess the extent of the treatment. The experimental results show that, by adopting the …

Electrochemistry as an Attractive and Effective Tool for the Synthesis and Immobilization of Porphyrins on an Electrode Surface

2014

Magnesium(II) 10-phenyl-5,15-p-ditolylporphyrin is easily and cleanly transformed by electrolysis. A nitro group is first introduced at the free meso position by anodic substitution. Hydrogenation into the amine is then carried out electrocatalytically under ambient conditions with water as a hydrogen supplier. The synthesized porphyrin under the nickel(II) form can be covalently grafted onto a platinum electrode by electrochemical reduction of the diazonium cation, generated in situ by a reaction of the nickel(II) aminoporphyrin with sodium nitrite and trifluoroacetic acid. The electrosynthesized thin film gives an electrochemical response typical of a porphyrin material. Films grown under…