Search results for "Oxime"
showing 10 items of 148 documents
Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of oral cefuroxime axetil in the rat.
2000
The objectives of this study were to determine the oral bioavailability of cefuroxime (C) and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic model that best describes the plasma concentration behaviour following single intravenous (IV), intraperitoneal (IP) and oral single doses. The same dose of C was administered by IV, IP and oral routes to three separate groups of rats (2.02 mg of cefuroxime axetil (CA) by the oral route or 1.78 mg of cefuroxime sodium (CNa) by IV and IP route). A two-compartment open model without lag time can predict the C disposition kinetics. The influence of the administration route on the pharmacokinetic parameters and AUC values was investigated by means of a one-way analysis o…
Acetazolamide treatment for infantile central sleep apnea.
2001
Central sleep apnea is a common respiratory pattern in healthy neonates. Nevertheless, frequent central sleep apnea associated with drops in oxygen saturation may contribute to infantile morbidity. Recently, low-dose acetazolamide was shown to reduce symptomatic central sleep apnea in adults. We treated 12 infants, median conceptional age 42 weeks (range, 40-44 weeks), with central sleep apnea. In all cases, the central apnea index was >40/h total sleeping time (apnea ≥ 3 sec). The cumulative duration of drops in oxygen saturation below 90% was more than 3 min/h total sleeping time. All individuals received acetazolamide 7 mg/kg/day (orally, divided in three doses) for 11 weeks. Polysomn…
Influence of intravenously administered lidocaine on cerebral blood flow in a baboon model standardized under controlled general anaesthesia using si…
1993
The baboon under general anaesthesia as a model to assess drug-induced cerebral blood flow changes (delta CBF) using single-photon emission tomography (SPET) offers great in vivo possibilities but has to comply with demands on control of anaesthesia-related influencing factors, such as PaCO2 changes. The model sought in this study and described here allows control of PaCO2, in the baboon under thiopentone anaesthesia by ventilation, and was evaluated for the functional dependence of delta CBF vs delta PaCO2, using SPET technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) and the split-dose method together with controlled ventilation. During the experiment the model was validated for norma…
Perfusion Index and Pulse Oximetry Screening for Congenital Heart Defects
2017
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined pulse oximetry (POX) and perfusion index (PI) neonatal screening for severe congenital heart defects (sCHD) and assess different impacts of screening in tertiary and nontertiary hospitals. Study design A multicenter, prospective study in 10 tertiary and 6 nontertiary maternity hospitals. A total of 42 169 asymptomatic newborns from among 50 244 neonates were screened; exclusion criteria were antenatal sCHD diagnosis, postnatal clinically suspected sCHD, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Eligible infants underwent pre- and postductal POX and PI screening after routine discharge examination. Targeted sCHD were anatomically defined. Posi…
Predicting poor school performance in children suspected for sleep-disordered breathing
2015
Habitually snoring children are at a greater risk of poor school performance (PSP). We investigated the ability of conventional sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) measures for predicting PSP in habitually snoring children.The dataset of Hannover Study on Sleep Apnea in Childhood (HASSAC), a large community-based study in primary school children, was retrospectively analyzed. All habitual snorers were included. Based on their grades, children were grouped into good and poor school performers. SDB measures obtained by a parental questionnaire, a home pulse oximetry, and a home polysomnography were evaluated for their accuracy in predicting poor school performance by calculating receiver operati…
Hypersensitivity to clavulanic acid in children
2008
We present 10 cases (6 males and 4 females) of children aged 4 to 12 years, who were diagnosed with allergy to clavulanic acid (CL) and treated in the Paediatric Allergy Section of the University Hospital Dr. Peset in Valencia from 2000 to 2005. The children reported symptoms of urticaria and angio-oedema after receiving orally-administered amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (A-CL) for an infection. Diagnosis was based on the confirmation of an IgE-mediated aetiology by an oral challenge test with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Following negative skin test results and CAP for penicilloyl G and V, amoxicillin, ampicillin and cefaclor < 0.35 KU/l, those patients who were allergic to clavulanic acid (p…
Intestinal transport of cefuroxime axetil in rats: absorption and hydrolysis processes.
2002
Studies were performed using three cefuroxime axetil solutions (11.8, 118 and 200 microM) in three selected intestinal segments and one cefuroxime axetil solution (118 microM) in colon of anaesthetized rats. First-order absorption rate pseudoconstants, k(ap) and effective permeability coefficients, P(eff), were calculated in each set. Absorption of cefuroxime axetil can apparently be described as a carrier-mediated transport, which obeys Michaelis-Menten and first order kinetics in the proximal segment of the small intestine and a passive diffusion mechanism in the mean and distal segments. The absorption kinetic parameters for cefuroxime axetil were obtained: Vm=0.613 (0.440) microM min-1;…
The EU project "United4Health": Results and experiences from automatic health status assessment in a Norwegian telemedicine trial system.
2017
Introduction Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease require help in daily life situations to increase their individual perception of security, especially under worsened medical conditions. Unnecessary hospital (re-)admissions and home visits by doctors or nurses shall be avoided. This study evaluates the results from a two-year telemedicine field trial for automatic health status assessment based on remote monitoring and analysis of a long time series of vital signs data from patients at home over periods of weeks or months. Methods After discharge from hospital treatment for acute exacerbations, 94 patients were recruited for follow-up by the trial system. The system supported…
Pharmacokinetic models for the saturable absorption of cefuroxime axetil and saturable elimination of cefuroxime.
2004
Since oligopeptidic drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics share the same carriers in humans and animals, the absorption and elimination kinetics of cefuroxime (C) were investigated in rats. Plasma C concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of C in the rat were examined after intravenous (i.v.) administration at three doses (1.78, 8.9 and 17.8mg) of cefuroxime sodium and oral administration at two doses (2.02 and 8.9mg) of cefuroxime axetil (CA). Preliminary fits using data from intravenous administration of C showed that the drug disposition kinetics were clearly nonlinear, with an increase in plasma clearance as the intravenous dose increa…
Delayed vs Immediate Cord Clamping Changes Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate Patterns in the First Minutes after Birth
2020
Objective To build arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) percentiles for the first 10 minutes after birth in term infants born after an uneventful gestation, vaginal delivery, and delayed cord clamping (DCC) for ≥60 seconds, and to compare our results with previous ones constructed after immediate cord clamping. Study design Preductal SpO2, HR, and timing of DCC immediately after complete fetal body expulsion were recorded. The pulse-oximeter was adjusted in the right wrist/hand and set at maximal intensity and measurements performed every 2 seconds. Results A total of 282 term newborn infants were included. The definitive data set comprised of 70 257 SpO2 and 79 746 HR meas…