Search results for "P P"
showing 10 items of 7770 documents
PLASMONIQUE MOLÉCULAIRE : SPECTROSCOPIE SUR SURFACE MÉTALLIQUE ET MATÉRIAUX HYBRIDES POUR LA PHOTONIQUE INTÉGRÉE
2009
Ce document synthétise mes travaux de recherches sur la période 2002-2009. Les axes majeurs de mon activité portent sur le couplage de molécules avec des particules métalliques, supportant des modes plasmons (SPP) : - Microscopie et spectroscopie optiques en champ proche, - Relaxation moléculaire par couplage aux plasmons, en particulier, la possibilité de modifier les propriétés d'émission de molécules par couplage avec des structures métalliques, – Composants plasmoniques pour la photonique intégrée, où, à l'inverse, l'ingéniérie de matériaux optiques (polymères dop´es, non linéaire, . . .) permet de contrôler la propagation de SPPs le long de films métalliques. Finalement, je démontrerai…
Reduced herbicide use does not increase crop yield loss if it is compensated by alternative preventive and curative measures
2018
Herbicide use must be reduced because of environmental and health issues. This raises the question of whether weeds and the resulting crop yield loss will increase. Previous studies analysing relationships between herbicide use intensity, weeds and yield loss suffer from methodological shortcomings in terms of weed flora and farm diversity as well as temporal scales. Here, we collected data on 272 arable cropping systems from one Spanish and six French regions, from farm surveys, the Biovigilance-Flore network, expert opinion, cropping system trials, crop advisors and scientists. Each system was simulated over 27 years and with 10 weather repetitions, using the virtual-field model FlorSys. …
Simulation study of the effects of intensified crop management in genetically manipulated maize on arable weed flora and associated fauna
2014
International audience; Cultivation of GM crops with herbicide tolerance is mostly associated with changes in crop and weed management, like simplified rotations, simplified tillage and change from selective herbicides to the broadband glyphosate. All of these management practices decrease weed densities in crops and change their composition. Although weeds cause yield loss and harvest problems, they are an important part of arable biodiversity and offer food and habitat for different groups of animals. A simulation study was conducted to analyse indirect effects of intensified cropping in GM maize on biodiversity. The dynamic crop: weed model FlorSys was used to simulate weed densities and…
Soil Nutrient and Water providers: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycelia Support Plant Performance in a Resource-Limited World
2007
International audience
Mise en évidence du rôle de la diversité dans la dynamique des communautés d'adventices et des interactions adventices/cultures
2020
The main challenge of 21st century agriculture is to provide sufficient food for a growing to identify cropping systems which maintain crop productivity, minimize reliance on synthetic herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, and promote weed diversity. We hypothesized that cropping system diversification, either at the annual scale through the introduction of cover crops, or at the plurennial scale through a diversification of the crop sequence and associated weed management tools, could be a viable means to reach these objectives. More specifically, we hypothesized that cropping system diversification could (i) contain weed abundance and thereby, allow a reduction of herbicide use and an incr…
Study of virus flows between wild and cultivated Poaceae
2017
BGPI : équipe 6; Study of virus flows between wild and cultivated Poaceae. 16. Rencontres de Virologie Végétale (RVV 2017)
Assessing non-chemical weeding strategies through mechanistic modelling of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) dynamics
2010
; Because of environmental and health safety issues, it is necessary to develop strategies that do not rely on herbicides to manage weeds. Introducing temporary grassland into annual crop rotations and mechanical weeding are the two main features that are frequently used in integrated and organic cropping systems for this purpose. To evaluate the contribution of these two factors in interaction with other cropping system components and environmental conditions, the present study updated an existing biophysical model (i.e. AlomySys) that quantifies the effects of cropping system on weed dynamics. Based on previous experiments, new sub-models were built to describe the effects on plant survi…
Achievements from GLIP functional genomics platforms
2008
Format du poster : N° W212 Format du poster : N° W212; absent
Quantification of the contribution of weed seed predators to crop yield
2023
30 book of abstracts; International audience
Hyperspectral near-field imaging : development and applications to nanophotonics devices
2013
The scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is used to analyze optical phenomena at the sub-wavelength scale such as light localization and propagation in photonic crystals or plasmonic devices. In any case, SNOM experiments rely on the positioning of a local probe in the optical near field of a given structure and on the detection of the surrounding evanescent waves. Depending on the nature of the probe or on the optical detection method, the detected physical properties are the spatial distributions of the amplitude and phase or the intensity of the electric and magnetic components of the probed field. We present here the implementation of an innovative hyperspectral near-field imag…