Search results for "PAM"

Serotonin-dopamine interaction: electrophysiological evidence.

2008

In this review, the most relevant data regarding serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)/dopamine (DA) interaction in the brain, as studied by both in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological methods, are reported and discussed. The bulk of neuroanatomical data available clearly indicate that DA-containing neurons in the brain receive a prominent innervation from 5-HT originating in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem. Furthermore, this modulation seems to be reciprocal; DA neurons innervate the raphe nuclei and exert a tonic excitatory effect on them. Compelling electrophysiological data show that 5-HT can exert complex effects on the electrical activity of midbrain DA neurons mediated by the va…

Differentiation of Y79 cells induced by prolonged exposure to insulin

1997

Y79 human retinoblastoma cells are known to contain receptors for both insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), to produce these cytokines and release them in the culture medium. Previously we have demonstrated that IGFs and insulin stimulate Y79 cell proliferation through the involvement of type I IGF receptor and Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS-1). This paper studies the effect of prolonged exposure to insulin on Y79 cells. Cells grown for 10 days in the presence of insulin were reseeded and incubated once more with insulin. In the reseeded cells proliferation lowered and morphological changes appeared. After 10 days of reseeding, cells stopped proliferating and showed long ramif…

Dopamine Interaction with other Neurotransmitter Systems: Relevance in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of CNS Disorders

2010

Effects of Ca2+ entry blockers on CaCl2-, KCl- and noradrenaline-induced contractions of goat cerebral arteries

1990

Abstract The effects of three Ca 2+ entry blockers, nicardipine, nimodipine and verapamil, on CaCl 2 -, KCl- and noradrenaline-induced contractions were examined in isolated goat middle cerebral artery. The relationship between the effects of Ca 2+ entry blockers and the extracellular Ca 2+ dependence of the contractions was also examined. In ‘nominally’ Ca 2+ -free medium, addition of CaCl 2 induced concentration-dependent contractions of previously depolarized arteries. Withdrawal of Ca 2+ from the extracellular medium caused strong inhibition of the KCl- and noradrenaline-induced arterial contractions. Addition of EGTA to the Ca 2+ -free medium almost abolished the noradrenaline-response…

Nitric Oxide Modulation of the Dopaminergic Nigrostriatal System: Focus on Nicotine Action

2009

Nitric oxide (NO) signalling plays an important role in the integration of information processed by the basal ganglia nuclei. Accordingly, considerable evidence has emerged indicating a role for NO in pathophysiological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia and drug addiction. To further investigate the NO modulation of dopaminergic function in the basal ganglia circuitry, in this study we used in vivo electrophysiology and microdialysis in freely-moving rats. Pharmacological manipulation of the NO system did not cause any significant changes either in the basal firing rate and bursting activity of the dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) or…

NANC inhibitory neurotransmission in mouse isolated stomach: Involvement of nitric oxide, ATP and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

2003

1. The neurotransmitters involved in NANC relaxation and their possible interactions were investigated in mouse isolated stomach, recording the motor responses as changes of endoluminal pressure from whole organ. 2. Field stimulation produced tetrodotoxin-sensitive, frequency-dependent, biphasic responses: rapid transient relaxation followed by a delayed inhibitory component. 3. The inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), L-NAME, abolished the rapid relaxation and significantly reduced the slow relaxation. Apamin, blocker of Ca 2+-dependent K + channels, or ADPβS, which desensitises P 2y purinoceptors, reduced the slow relaxation to 2-8 Hz, without affecting that to 16-32 Hz or the…

Museums which pay attention to education for sustainability

2006

En el presente trabajo analizamos el contenido de dos importantes museos franceses que han empezado a incorporar de forma clara y extensa, no meramente incidental, la atención a la actual situación de emergencia planetaria. Se trata de dos ejemplos notables de superación todavía parcial de la orientación tradicional de los museos como meros exponentes propagandísticos de los logros científicos y de respuesta positiva a los llamamientos de Naciones Unidas para que todos los educadores contribuyamos a favorecer la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones fundamentadas, generando actitudes y comportamientos orientados a la consecución de un futuro sostenible. This paper analyzes the co…

Peripheral CB1 receptor blockade acts as a memory enhancer through an adrenergic-dependent mechanism

2021

Peripheral inputs to the brain continuously shape its function and can influence the formation of non-emotional memory, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. Cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1R), widely distributed in the organism, is a well-recognized player in memory performance, and its systemic modulation significantly influences memory function. By assessing non-emotional memory in mice, we have now found a relevant role of peripheral CB1R in the formation of persistent memory. Indeed, peripherally restricted CB1R antagonism by using AM6545 showed a mnemonic effect that was occluded in adrenalectomized mice, after peripheral adrenergic blockade, or when vagus ner…

SELECTIVE DECREASE OF DENDRITIC SPINES IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS OF ETHANOL DEPENDENT RATS.

2014

Neuronal refinement and stabilization are hypothesized to confer resilience to poor decision-making and addictive-like behaviors, such as excessive ethanol drinking and dependence. Accordingly, structural abnormalities are likely to contribute to the appearance of alcohol withdrawal signs and symptoms, that occur from suddenly ceasing the use of alcohol after chronic ingestion, thus perpetuating the addictive cycle. Here we show that ethanol dependent rats display a loss of dendritic spines in medium spiny neurons of the Nacc, accompanied by a reduction of TH-positive terminals and PSD-95 positive elements. Further analysis indicates that ‘long thin’, but not ‘mushroom’, spines are selectiv…

Pamatdatu pārvaldīšana lielapjoma datu sistēmās bāzētās Oracle Hyperion platformā

2017

Maģistra darba pētījumam ir izvēlēta kādas Zviedrijas bankas Hyperion Planning lietotne, kura tiek izmantota darījumu mērķu uzstādīšanai. Autores galvenais mērķis bija uzlabot bankas datu kvalitāti un pamatdatu pārvaldīšanas procesus, lai izvairītos no problēmām saistītām ar datu migrāciju starp lietotnēm, kļūdainām datu kalkulācijām un neprecīzām atskaitēm. Galvenais risinājums tika izstrādāts, izmantojot Oracle DRM pamatdatu pārvaldīšanas rīku, ar kura palīdzību pamatdatu apstrāde tika automatizēta, tādējādi samazinot cilvēciskā faktora risku. Rezultātā risinājums tika ieviests bankas sistēmā, kas tai deva ievērojamus uzlabojumus: tika nodrošināta papildus kvalitātes kontrole un versijpār…