Search results for "PEDOGENESI"
showing 10 items of 44 documents
Over-estimation of efficiency of weathering in tropical “Red Soils”: its importance for geoecological problems
2000
Abstract Weathering and soil formation rates are regarded as the main criteria of a tolerable soil loss. The efficiency of weathering in the seasonal semiarid tropics has often been greatly over-estimated especially in the geomorphologic literature in which weathering is assumed to be as fast or even faster than surface erosion. Six selected “Red Soils” in two intramontane basins of hyperthermic SW Nepal near the border with India, with 1500–1750 mm annual rainfall (5 humid months), and a “Black Soil” near Baroda, Gujarat, India (3–4 humid months) were studied mineralogically. Two of the “Red Soils” have TL ages between 10 and 30 ka, the “Black Soil” has one of about 10 ka. The yellowish si…
Accelerated soil formation due to paddy management on marshlands (Zhejiang Province, China)
2014
Inundation of paddy soils for submerged rice production strongly impacts soil formation. Here we used chronosequences with up to 2000 years of cultivation history to compare soil formation in non-inundated (non-paddy) cropping systems with the formation of soils used for paddy rice production. This approach allowed us to identify the influence of agricultural management at different stages of pedogenesis. Soil samples were taken from two chronosequences derived from uniform parent material in the coastal region of the Zhejiang Province (P.R. China). One chronosequence consisted of paddy soils of different ages (50-2000 years), characterized by a yearly cropping sequence of rice cultivation …
Clay minerals, oxyhydroxide formation, element leaching and humus development in volcanic soils
2008
Aweathering sequence with soils developing on volcanic, trachy-basaltic parent materials with ages ranging from 100–115,000 years in the Etna region served as the basis to analyse and calculate the accumulation and stabilisation mechanisms of soil organic matter (SOM), the transformation of pedogenic Fe and Al, the formation and transformation of clay minerals, the weathering indices and, by means of mass-balance calculations, net losses of the main elements. Although the soils were influenced by ash depositions during their development and the soil on the oldest lava flow developed to a great extent under a different climate, leaching of elements and mineral formation and transformation co…
A view of extraterrestrial soils
2009
International audience; The nature of soils on celestial bodies other than Earth is a growing area of research in planetary geology. However, disagreement over the significance of these deposits arises in part due to the lack of a unified concept and definition of soil in the literature. The pragmatic definition “medium for plant growth” is taken by some to imply the necessity of biota for soil to exist, and has been commonly adopted in the planetary science community. In contrast, a more complex and informative definition bases on scientific theory: soil is the (bio)geochemically/physically altered material at the surface of a planetary body that encompasses surficial extraterrestrial tell…
THE IMPACT OF WARFARE ON THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT
2013
Abstract One of the most dramatic ways humans can affect soil properties is through the performance of military activities. Warfare-induced disturbances to soil are basically of three types – physical, chemical, and biological – and are aimed at causing direct problems to enemies or, more often, are indirect, undesired ramifications. Physical disturbances to soil include sealing due to building of defensive infrastructures, excavation of trenches or tunnels, compaction by traffic of machinery and troops, or cratering by bombs. Chemical disturbances consist of the input of pollutants such as oil, heavy metals, nitroaromatic explosives, organophosphorus nerve agents, dioxins from herbicides, …
The First Forty Years of a Technosol
2009
Abstract Soil formation is often a very slow process that requires thousands and even millions of years. Human influence, occasionally on a par with the function of climate or geological forces, can accelerate the process and can be viewed as a distinct soil forming factor. This paper describes a soil, Haplic Regosol, in which anthrosolization dominates the soil forming process. Man-made soils, Technosols, were stabilized with techniques of ecological engineering (crib walls). We measured the main soil properties and focused on the movement of water (the reduction of soil weight is the key factor in stabilizing these calcschists). The newly deposited debris, sheltered by anthropic intervent…
Effect of climate on carbon storage, humus fractions, allophanes, imogolite and poorly cristalline and crystalline oxy-hydroxides in volcanic soils o…
2006
È possibile stimare le variazioni dei crediti di carbonio forniti dai suoli agricoli e forestali italiani
2011
L’Italia ha aderito al Protocollo di Kyoto, ma ha deciso di eleggere solo la gestione forestale nell’ambito delle attività addizionali previste per contabilizzare i crediti di carbonio. Lo scopo principale di questo lavoro è stato quello di dimostrare che è possibile stimare le variazioni del contenuto di carbonio organico dei suoli in Italia durante gli ultimi 3 decenni (dal 1979 al 2008) e contabilizzare i crediti di carbonio originati dalle attività di gestione sia agricola che forestale.
Soil humic acids formation and characteristics in a xeric mollisol reforested with two tree species
2002
Publisher Summary The study discussed in this chapter examines the influence on humic acids (HAs) characteristics of different plant species—Pinus halepensis Miller and Cedrus atlantica (Endl) Carriere—used in the restoration of a Mollisol under xeric conditions. The area studied is in Sicily (Italy), and two stands were compared 40 years after planting. The differences among soil profile developments in the two stands were investigated by chemical and biochemical methods to understand the different levels at which the processes of pedogenesis acted in the study area. The chapter analyzes some chemical and spectroscopic characteristics of HAs, separated from two selected pedons. The results…