Search results for "PEDOT"

Electrical and photoelectrical measurements on ZnO-Nanowires coated with PEDOT:PSS for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2011

ABSTRACTDye-sensitized solar cells composed of an n-doped ZnO nanowire array and a p-doped polymer layer appears to be a promising candidate for low-cost production of environment-friendly solar cells. In this work, we investigate hybrid devices consisting of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate, ZnO-nanowires (ZnO-NW) or a sol-gel prepared ZnO layer, a ruthenium dye (N719) and a PEDOT:PSS or P3HT layer. The dense polycrystalline ZnO layer is able to prevent short circuits, which have a strong effect on the performance of the solar cells. This is demonstrated by the use of only the ZnO layer which improves the open circuit voltage by a factor of 2 and the efficiency by a factor of…

Point-Of-Care Plastic Biosensor Devices using a PEDOT-modified Electrochemical Glucose Sensing Platform

2015

There is an emerging global epidemic of diabetes that can be related to rapid increases in overweight, including obesity and physical inactivity. According to World Healthcare Organization, diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, amputation and kidney failure, while total deaths from diabetes are projected to rise by more than 50% in the next 10 years. To prevent life threatening and debilitating complications associated with diabetes, researchers are continuously involved in developing glucose biosensors. Hence, it is essential to develop a biosensor that can determine glucose levels having fast-response, high sensitivity and selectivity. Depending upon the transduction technique, a numb…

ELECTROCHEMICAL FABRICATION OF METAL/OXIDE/CONDUCTING POLYMER JUNCTIONS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES

2014

Interface engineering in efficient vacuum deposited perovskite solar cells

2016

Abstract We studied the effect of the charge transport layers in p-i-n perovskite solar cells using vacuum deposited methylammonium lead iodide thin-film absorbers. While solution-processed perovskite films are frequently deposited directly on PEDOT:PSS leading to good solar cell performances, in some cases even to very good Voc values, we show that in devices employing vacuum deposited MAPbI3 perovskites, the removal of the polyTPD electron blocker substantially reduces the photovoltaic behavior. This is indicative of rather different charge transport properties in the vacuum deposited MAPbI3 perovskites compared to those prepared from solution. On the other hand, we investigated the use o…

Discussion of “Soil Water Retention Characteristics of Vertisols and Pedotransfer Functions Based on Nearest Neighbor and Neural Networks Approaches …

2013

Monitoring soil volume wetness in heterogeneous soils by electrical resistivity. A field-based pedotransfer function.: A field-based pedotransfer fun…

2014

11 pages; International audience; Modern irrigation techniques require accurate, rapid, cost-effective, spatial measurement of soil moisture. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) meets most of these requirements, but needs to be calibrated for each use because it is very sensitive to differences in soil characteristics. In this study, a pedotransfer function approach is used to remove the need for site-specific calibration, allowing ERT to be used directly to measure soil moisture. The study site was a hillslope vineyard, where eight calcaric-cambisol soil profiles were identified. From 2012 to 2013, 23 000 soil volume wetness measurements were acquired by Time Domain Reflectometry, and …

Using a transient infiltrometric technique for intensively sampling field-saturated hydraulic conductivity of a clay soil in two runoff plots

2012

The point measurement of soil properties allows to explain and simulate plot scale hydrological processes. An intensive sampling was carried out at the surface of an unsaturated clay soil to measure, on two adjacent plots of 4 × 11 m2 and two different dates (May 2007 and February–March 2008), dry soil bulk density, ρb, and antecedent soil water content, θi, at 88 points. Field-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Kfs, was also measured at 176 points by the transient Simplified Falling Head technique to determine the soil water permeability characteristics at the beginning of a possible rainfall event yielding measurable runoff. The ρb values did not differ significantly between the two d…

Using Static and Dynamic Indicators to Evaluate Soil Physical Quality in a Sicilian Area

2013

Both capacitive indicators derived from the water retention curve and dynamic measurements of the flow-weighted mean pore radius, R0, were used to assess the soil physical quality of two agricultural areas (cropland and olive orchard) and two natural areas (grassland and managed woodlot plantation) potentially subject to soil degradation. The overall idea of the study was to investigate whether a dynamic indicator quantitatively derived from hydraulic conductivity measurements could be used to supplement the traditionally applied capacitive indicators retrieved from water retention measurements. According to the available criteria, only the surface layer of the cropland site showed optimal …

Modeling soil cation exchange capacity in multiple countries

2017

Abstract Cation exchange capacity (CEC), as an important indicator for soil quality, represents soil's ability to hold positively charged ions. We attempted to predict CEC using different statistical methods including monotone analysis of variance (MONANOVA), artificial neural networks (ANNs), principal components regressions (PCR), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in order to compare the utility of these approaches and identify the best predictor. We analyzed 170 soil samples from four different nations (USA, Spain, Iran and Iraq) under three land uses (agriculture, pasture, and forest). Seventy percent of the samples (120 samples) were selected as the calibration set and the remainin…

Comparison of aggregate stability indices for soil classification and assessment of soil management practices

1989

Summary In view of soil structure analysis and land-use and management history evaluation, several mechanical indices of soil structure were tested on 13 Italian soils. From the wet and dry sieving aggregate distributions, a pseudo-textural aggregation index (Ipta) and a mechanical aggregation index (Ima)) were determined and compared with other soil structure stability indices based on single-sieve analysis. The single-sieve indices S and WSI were good correlated with Ipta and Ima, showing the possibility of substituting the time-consuming aggregate-size distribution determinations. All the soil structure indices were correlated with selected semi-permanent soil characteristics. Soil struc…