Search results for "PEM"

Educational costing and financing in developing countries : focus on Sub-saharan Africa

1984

The paper analyzes issues in the costs and financing of education in developing countries. It focuses primarily on Sub-Saharan Africa, and within that on francophone west africa. After evaluating the educational cost data used in internationale comparisons, the paper focuses on the special situation of African Countries, most of which experience severe financial constraints in their effort to achieve educational goals. It examines the potential for, first, reducing unit costs as a way of increasing enrollment within an existing budget, and second, tapping private resources of financing for education. The overall conclusion is that although the financial prospects are rather bleak in the poo…

De quelques arguments pour augmenter le recouvrement des coûts en éducation : la cas des pays en développement

1986

The cost of education in developing countries : the problem of cost recovery

1983

International audience; Most developing countries have increased the amount spent publicly on Education at a very high rate during the 60ies. On the whole, this rate has gone sharply down in the 70ies but the trends are no longer uniform. Today, most poor countries find it extremely difficult to achieve their educational goals : sending to school all children at least for five to six years ; eradicating adult illiteracy ; providing enough trained manpower to satisfy their growth needs. As education has up to now been provided free or almost free to the students in a majority ot those countries, most gouvernments are desperately truying not only to reduce unit costs of education but also to …

Human Capital Quality and Economic Growth

2007

07001 - Second version : September 2007; The estimation of the relationship between education and economic growth is marked by contradictions. These contradictions underline the lack of precision characterizing indicators of human capital. This paper constructs new indicators based on a pool of international surveys concerning pupil assessment. Thus, our new database, which includes 105 countries, makes it possible to confirm or not the positive relationship between education and growth. Taking into account the endogeneity of education, we measure a positive effect of qualitative indicators of human capital and the growth of countries between 1960 and 2000. The contribution of education to …

Le créancier d'un GIE qui ne déclare pas sa créance à la procédure collective ouverte à l'égard de chaque membre cause un préjudice aux cautions subr…

2002

International audience; (Com. 20 févr. 2001, Di Maggio et Denivelle c/ CRCAM de Charente-Périgord, pourvoi n° 97-14.256, arrêt n° 369 FS-P)

Contribution de l'expérience scolaire au développement de la créativité

2016

International audience; Tous les apprentissages ne sont pas explicitement évalués par l'institution scolaire. C'est le cas, notamment de la créativité, que l'on peut définir comme la capacité à résoudre des problèmes de manière créative. Parallèlement à ce constat, les recherches en psychologie ont développé une grande diversité d'instruments destinés à la mesure de la créativité individuelle. S'inscrivant dans une approche cognitiviste, la Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS), permet de recueillir des données auto-reportées relatives à la créativité individuelle en tant que potentiel (Runco et al., 2001). Les travaux portant sur les pratiques éducatives, notamment en psychologie, ont per…

Mesures, développement : le statut de la créativité en question

2016

Les particularités inhérentes à la créativité en tant que compétence transversale, analysées à partir d’une revue de littérature en psychologie et sociologie sur la mesure, le développement et les effets de la créativité, semblent lui conférer un statut restreint au sein du système éducatif français. D’une part, les incertitudes autour des effets à long terme de la créativité, tout comme la logique adéquationniste structurant l’organisation scolaire, maintiennent cette compétence à l’écart des principales finalités assignées au système éducatif français. D’autre part, celui-ci n’est pas outillé pour la mesurer, étant donné que ses méthodes d’évaluation ne permettent pas d’appréhender cette …

Towards better privacy preservation by detecting personal events in photos shared within online social networks

2015

Today, social networking has considerably changed why people are taking pictures all the time everywhere they go. More than 500 million photos are uploaded and shared every day, along with more than 200 hours of videos every minute. More particularly, with the ubiquity of smartphones, social network users are now taking photos of events in their lives, travels, experiences, etc. and instantly uploading them online. Such public data sharing puts at risk the users’ privacy and expose them to a surveillance that is growing at a very rapid rate. Furthermore, new techniques are used today to extract publicly shared data and combine it with other data in ways never before thought possible. Howeve…

Biotransformation of methylxanthines in mammalian cell lines genetically engineered for expression of single cytochrome P450 isoforms. Allocation of …

1993

V79 Chinese hamster cells genetically engineered for stable expression of single forms of rat cytochromes P450IA1, P450IA2, P450IIB1, human P450IA2, and rat liver epithelial cells expressing murine P450IA2 were used to allocate metabolic pathways of methylxanthines to specific isoforms and to test the suitability of such cell lines for investigations on drug interactions occurring at the cytochrome expressed. The cell lines were exposed to caffeine and/or theophylline and concentrations of metabolites formed in the medium were determined by HPLC. Caffeine was metabolized by human, rat and murine P450IA2, resulting in the formation of four primary demethylated and hydroxylated metabolites. H…

Motifs de démotorisation dans les aires urbaines françaises, apports d'une enquête par questionnaire

2019

Rencontres Francophones Transport Mobilité 2019, Montréal, CANADA, 11-/06/2019 - 13/06/2019