Search results for "PEPTIDE"
showing 10 items of 4589 documents
Elimination of hexamethylene diisocyanate cross-linked polypeptides in patients with normal or impaired renal function
1978
Infusions of 3.5% isocyanate cross-linked polypeptide solution 500 ml were given to 52 patients with normal or impaired renal function: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)=0–133 ml/min. The serum concentration and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline were measured and the equivalent polypeptide concentrations were calculated from the results. In patients with normal renal function (GFR>90 ml/min) the proportion of polypeptide excreted in the urine up to 12 h was 45.4±2.6% ( $$\bar X$$ ±SEM), up to 24 h 47.7±2.9% and up to 48 h 49.3±3.4%. In patients with moderate renal insufficiency (GFR=30–90 ml/min) there was no decrease in polypeptide excretion and even in patients with more serious impairme…
Sox17 regulates liver lipid metabolism and adaptation to fasting.
2014
Liver is a major regulator of lipid metabolism and adaptation to fasting, a process involving PPARalpha activation. We recently showed that the Vnn1 gene is a PPARalpha target gene in liver and that release of the Vanin-1 pantetheinase in serum is a biomarker of PPARalpha activation. Here we set up a screen to identify new regulators of adaptation to fasting using the serum Vanin-1 as a marker of PPARalpha activation. Mutagenized mice were screened for low serum Vanin-1 expression. Functional interactions with PPARalpha were investigated by combining transcriptomic, biochemical and metabolic approaches. We characterized a new mutant mouse in which hepatic and serum expression of Vanin-1 is …
Behaviour influences cholesterol plasma levels in a pig model
2012
Little is known about the relationship between feed intake behaviour and cholesterol levels in humans. This can be attributed to the fact that feed intake behaviour in humans is difficult to assess. The relationships between feed intake, feed efficiency and feed intake behaviour, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were investigated at an average age of 187 days, in a pig model consisting of 202 Duroc barrows. Feed intake and feed intake behaviour were recorded individually and daily by means of an electronic identification system. Animals with high levels of total cholesterol also had high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycer…
Higher cardiometabolic risk in idiopathic versus autoimmune type 1 diabetes: A retrospective analysis
2018
Abstract Background Idiopathic type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDM) is characterized by an onset with insulinopenia and ketoacidosis with negative β-cell autoimmunity markers and lack of association with HLA. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical and metabolic parameters, the macro and microvascular complications, the adipose tissue dysfunction and the insulin secretion and sensitivity indexes in patients with IDM and autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (ADM) at clinical onset. Methods Thirty patients with IDM and 30 with ADM, matched for age and gender, were retrospectively analyzed. BMI, waist circumference, lipids, glycemia, HbA1c, insulin requirement, glutamic oxaloacetic and glutam…
The physiological impact of proinsulin C-peptide
1999
Abstract The proinsulin C-peptide fulfills an important function in the biosynthesis of insulin by facilitating the formation of the correct secondary and tertiary structure of the hormone. C-peptide and insulin are released in equimolar amounts to the circulation but C-peptide has generally been considered to be biologically inert. However, recent studies indicate that C-peptide administration to type 1 diabetes patients is accompanied by improved renal function, amelioration of autonomic dysfunction, stimulated tissue glucose utilization and augmented skin and muscle blood flow. The cellular mechanisms underlying these effects may be related to C-peptide's capacity to stimulate both Na + …
The neuroimmune link in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of cat and rat: peptides and neural markers.
1991
This light microscopic immunohistochemical study investigates the distribution and target interrelations of nerve fibers in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT) of rat and cat by using antisera against (1) the polyneuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), (2) selected opioid and nonopioid peptides, and (3) the marker enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). In both species, a similar distribution pattern of PGP, peptide, and catecholamine enzyme immunoreactive was observed. Anti-PGP 9.5 stained all nerve fibers (except some smaller, calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (CGRP-ir) fibers presumably of the C-type) throughout the differen…
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Patients With Stable Angina
2006
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Patients With Stable Angina: Results From the AtheroGeneStudyRenate Schnabel, Edith Lubos, Hans J. Rupprecht, Christine...
Oxidative stress leads to cholesterol accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells.
1999
The transformation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells into foam cells by modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is one of the key events of atherogenesis. Effects of free radicals have mainly been studied in LDL, and other than toxicity, data dealing with direct action of free radicals on cells are scarce. This study focused on the direct effects of free radicals on cholesterol metabolism of smooth muscle cells. A free radical generator, azobis-amidinopropane dihydrochloride, was used, and conditions for a standardized oxidative stress were set up in vascular smooth muscle cells. After free radical action, the cells presented an accumulation of cholesterol that appeared to be the resul…
Potential role of the neuropeptide CGRP in the induction of differentiation of rat hepatic portal vein wall.
2005
The media of the rat hepatic portal vein is composed of an internal circular muscular layer (CL) and an external longitudinal muscular layer (LL). These two perpendicular layers differentiate progressively from mesenchymal cells within the first month after birth. In this paper, we studied the development of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) innervation during post-natal differentiation of the vessel. We show that CGRP innervation is already present around the vessel at birth in the future adventitia but far from the lumen of the vessel. Progressively, CGRP immunoreactive fibers reached first LL then CL. CL by itself become only innervated at day 14 after birth. This corresponds to the…
Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate formation: further evidence for a role of nitric oxide synthase and cytos…
1993
In the rat pineal gland vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) formation and their action is amplified by alpha 1-adrenergic agonists. Since beta-adrenergic stimulation of cGMP is suggested to involve activation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and NO-mediated activation of cytosolic guanylate cyclase (GC), we investigated the effects of the NO synthase inhibitor N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and of the cytosolic GC inhibitor methylene blue (MB) on VIP receptor-stimulated cGMP formation. Both L-NMMA and MB depressed VIP-induced cGMP formation as well as alpha 1-adrenergic potentiation of VIP-stimulated cGMP formation …