Search results for "PERSONALITY"
showing 10 items of 1308 documents
Subjective appraisal of music: neuroimaging evidence.
2009
In the neurosciences of music, a consensus on the nature of affective states during music listening has not been reached. What is undeniable is that subjective affective states can be triggered by various and even opposite musical events. Here we review the few recent studies on the neural determinants of subjective affective processes of music, contrasted with early automatic neural processes linked to the objective universal properties of music. In particular, we focus on the evaluative judgments of music by subjects according to its aesthetic and structural values, on music-specific emotions felt by listeners, and on conscious liking. We then discuss and seek to stimulate further researc…
The Learning Process in Live-Action Simulation Games: The Impact of Personality, Motivation, Immersion, and Flow on Learning Outcome in a Simulation …
2021
Background Against the backdrop of the cognitive-motivational process model proposed by Vollmeyer and Rheinberg (1998) , this study investigates how the personality trait need for cognition in combination with a specific situation (short and long version of a live-action simulation game), current motivation, and immersion and flow (mediators) predict the learning outcome in the simulation game EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE CLASSROOM ( Starker & Imhof, 2014 ). Methods N = 138 teacher students played the short 2-hour version of the simulation game, and N = 77 played the long 2-day version. Need for cognition, current motivation, immersion, flow, and learning outcome were measured by self-report qu…
Do Individual Differences in Cognition and Personality Predict Retrieval Practice Activities on MOOCs?
2020
Online quizzes building upon the principles of retrieval practice can have beneficial effects on learning, especially long-term retention. However, it is unexplored how interindividual differences in relevant background characteristics relate to retrieval practice activities in e-learning. Thus, this study sought to probe for this research question on a massive open online course (MOOC) platform where students have the optional possibility to quiz themselves on the to-be-learned materials. Altogether 105 students were assessed with a cognitive task tapping on reasoning, and two self-assessed personality measures capturing need for cognition (NFC), and grittiness (GRIT-S). Between-group anal…
The moderating role of personality in the relationship between temporal perspectives and facebook addiction
2020
In the present paper, we tested the hypothesis that neuroticism moderates the relationship between past-negative or present-fatalistic temporal perspectives and Facebook addiction. A sample of 233 Facebook users (Female: 66%, mean age: 21.4 years) filled self-reports measures of temporal perspective, personality traits, and Facebook Addiction. Results at two moderation models showed that only past-negative significantly predicts Facebook addiction through neuroticism's moderation effect. Individuals with a negative temporal orientation to the past, who are also characterized by a high neuroticism level, were more addicted to Facebook. Peculiar associations between past-negative temporal per…
Metabolic profiling reveals distinct variations linked to nicotine consumption in humans--first results from the KORA study.
2008
Exposure to nicotine during smoking causes a multitude of metabolic changes that are poorly understood. We quantified and analyzed 198 metabolites in 283 serum samples from the human cohort KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg). Multivariate analysis of metabolic profiles revealed that the group of smokers could be clearly differentiated from the groups of former smokers and non-smokers. Moreover, 23 lipid metabolites were identified as nicotine-dependent biomarkers. The levels of these biomarkers are all up-regulated in smokers compared to those in former and non-smokers, except for three acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines (e.g. plasmalogens). Consistently significant r…
Contributions of Nonverbal Cues to the Accurate Judgment of Personality Traits
2020
This chapter summarizes research on nonverbal expressions of behavior (nonverbal cues) and how they contribute to the accuracy of personality judgments. First, it presents a conceptual overview of relevant nonverbal cues in the domains of facial expressions, body language, paralanguage, and appearance as well as approaches to assess these cues on different levels of aggregation. It then summarizes research on the validity of nonverbal cues (what kind of nonverbal cues are good indicators of personality?) and the utilization of nonverbal cues (what kind of nonverbal cues lead to personality impressions?), resulting in a catalog of those cues that drive judgment accuracy for different traits.…
Combining Inter-Subject Modeling with a Subject-Based Data Transformation to Improve Affect Recognition from EEG Signals
2019
Existing correlations between features extracted from Electroencephalography (EEG) signals and emotional aspects have motivated the development of a diversity of EEG-based affect detection methods. Both intra-subject and inter-subject approaches have been used in this context. Intra-subject approaches generally suffer from the small sample problem, and require the collection of exhaustive data for each new user before the detection system is usable. On the contrary, inter-subject models do not account for the personality and physiological influence of how the individual is feeling and expressing emotions. In this paper, we analyze both modeling approaches, using three public repositories. T…
Gender differences in axis I and axis II comorbidity in patients with borderline personality disorder.
2008
<i>Background/Aims:</i> Differences in the clinical presentation of men and women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are of potential interest for investigations into the neurobiology, genetics, natural history, and treatment response of BPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in axis I and axis II comorbidity and in diagnostic criteria in BPD patients. <i>Methods:</i> 110 women and 49 men with BPD were assessed with the computer-based version of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. Gender differences were investigated for the following outc…
EMG assessment of chewing behaviour for food evaluation: Influence of personality characteristics
2007
Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chewing behaviour stability over time and the influence of personality characteristics on chewing behaviour in order to assess the use of EMG for food assessment. From a set of eighty three subjects, thirty-two subjects were classified as personality type A or B (Jenkins Activity Survey questionnaire) and then recruited for the experimentation. Two types of assays were performed: Assay I: chewing gum for 10 chews and Assay II: chewing gum for 50 s. Only in two cases (6.3%) did the subject change his/her chewing behaviour; in the other cases, subjects’ chewing behaviour was stable over time (two months test). In both assays significan…
Is context a crucial factor in distinguishing between intrusions and obsessions in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder?
2021
Objective Some cognitive models of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) posit that intrusions exist on a continuum with obsessions; others consider that they may be unrelated phenomena that differ in the context where they occur. We aimed to examine and compare, at two different moments, the context of the occurrence of intrusions and obsessions. Method Sixty‐eight patients with OCD completed an interview appraising their most upsetting obsession and intrusion. Results At their onset, the obsessions/intrusions were associated with experiencing negative emotional states and life events, and they were more likely to appear in 'inappropriate' contexts. The context of the obsessions/intrusions d…