Search results for "PERSONALITY"
showing 10 items of 1308 documents
Rorschach et maladies somatiques : Applications et éléments de validité
2004
Resume L'objet de cet article est d'offrir une revue des principales applications du Rorschach au domaine des maladies somatiques. Les etudes se rapportant a trois domaines sont presentees et critiquees (en allant du plus theorique ou plus empirique) : (1) La cotation des contenus par des echelles comme celle de Fisher et Cleveland (1958) ou de Masling, Rabie et Blondheim (1967) ; (2) Un ensemble d'etudes s'interessant a un “ facteur de risque ” psychosomatique (l'alexithymie) ; (3) Un groupe de recherches visant a evaluer les correlations des facteurs Rorschach avec les comportements de soin chez les personnes malades. Ces trois axes de recherche illustrent differentes logiques de relatio…
Psychometric properties of the ‘Spanish Burnout Inventory’ among employees working with people with intellectual disability
2012
Background Burnout has been recognised as an important stress-related problem for employees working with people with intellectual disability. Researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of the questionnaires developed to evaluate burnout. This study was designed to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory. Method The sample consisted of 697 Spanish employees working in intellectual disability services. The instrument is composed of 20 items distributed in four dimensions: Enthusiasm towards the job, Psychological exhaustion, Indolence and Guilt. The psychometric properties were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory fact…
Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire: Factor structure, psychometric properties and gender differences
2016
Abstract The evolutionary psychological approach links evolved mechanisms of disease-avoidance to prejudices against individuals perceived as a threat to health. Perceived vulnerability to disease works as an adaptive strategy which explains why individuals perceived as a source of contagion are avoided. The self-report Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, PVDQ, is one of the most widely used to measure subjective vulnerability to disease, however, neither test–retest reliability has been studied nor has factor structure been confirmed so far in this questionnaire. In the present study, a sample of 878 participants completed the PVDQ. Subsamples also completed different scales …
Longitudinal factor analysis models in the assessment of the stability of sense of coherence
2000
The present study examined the stability of sense of coherence using longitudinal factor analysis models. Sense of coherence was measured by Antonovsky’s [Antonovsky, A. (1987a). Unraveling the mystery of health. How people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.] short-form (13-item) Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ). Analyses were carried out using one-year follow-up data consisting of 219 Finnish employees working in four organizations. A three-step analytic procedure was used. First, a one-factor, a three-factor, and a second-order factor model were specified and compared separately in two measurements. Second, the stability of the constructs in the three alternat…
Egoistic and moralistic bias in real-life inventory responses
2008
Response-faking tendencies can be divided into moralistic and egoistic bias according to the contents of the issue faked (Paulhus & John, 1998). Our hypothesis was that in a work-related selection context faking would occur on the egoistic sub-scales, as these are related to competence and talent, which are issues relevant in selection. To minimize the amount of conscious faking, half of 466 real-life applicants were warned about the presence of a socially desirable responding sub-scale in the Personality Research Form (PRF). Half of the respondents (control group) received standard instructions. Of all the PRF sub-scales, only the ones measuring either egoistic or moralistic traits were st…
PSYCHOMOTOR EXPRESSION AND PERSONALITY STUDY: I. Some theoretical and methodological considerations
1963
In this introductory article in a series of experimental reports an attempt is made to classify the psychomotor and expressive techniques on the basis of the amount and the quality of mediating processes involved in performance. Furthermore, psychomotor variables occurring in different types of technique are presented, and suggestions are made for an experimental study of psychomotor and expressive techniques.
PSYCHOMOTOR EXPRESSION AND PERSONALITY STUDY.
1964
The main purpose was to examine whether ratings of the ‘natural speed of behaviour’ are related to factors of ‘personal tempo’ found by common types of tempo tests. Psychomotor performance of varying levels of complexity was studied. In addition to standard tempo tasks, tests of maximum tempo were used. There were significant positive correlations between the ratings of the ‘natural speed’ and the tests of personal tempo, especially in ideomotor and drawing tasks, in subjects aged 13 to 14 years. In younger age groups the correlations were low. An attempt is made to interpret the results in terms of ‘working habits’.
Types of Offense among the Cleckley Psychopaths
1994
The Cleckley psychopath is superficially charming and convincing in his behavior but also unreliable and callous. These personality characteristics imply that he/she may be prone to deceive and manipulate others. In the area of criminality, this may mean apropensity to fraud-like offenses. The present paper tested the argument by comparing types of offense committed by psychopaths and nonpsychopaths. The Psychopathy Checklist was used for psychopathy assessments. In a sample of 92 male offenders, the percentage of the Cleckley psychopaths convicted for fraud-like offenses was higher than among the other offenders. The results were discussed with respect to the problem of circular conclusio…
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: Insights into a New Generation of Face-to-Face Treatment and Digital Self-Help Appro…
2021
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a key contributor to the global burden of mental illness given its relatively high lifetime prevalence, frequent comorbidity, and disability rates. Evidence-based treatment options for depression include pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Beyond traditional CBT, over 15 years ago, Hayes proclaimed a new generation of contextualistic and process-orientated so-called third wave of CBT interventions, including acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Using mindfulness and acceptance as well as commitment and behavior change processes, the transdiagnostic ACT approach aims to increase psychological flexibilit…
AS14-02 - Common and distinct treatment elements in psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder
2012
Introduction Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined as “a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and marked impulsivity” (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000). These very characteristics make it difficult to establish firm therapeutic relationships and keep patients in treatment. In recent decades, a number of new psychotherapeutic approaches have been developed in order to meet these specific challenges and demands. To date, there is evidence of efficacy for various treatments, as data of a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of our working group indicate. Objectives To give an overview of all psychotherapeutic treatments investigated in ran…