Search results for "PEST"

Biodegradation of pesticides by soil microflora

2006

Adaptation to stressful environments : invasion success of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)

2018

Biological invasions, specifically human-induced dispersals, are one of the major threats to our biodiversity and are predicted to increase. Invasive pests provide an opportunity to study whether adaptation to human-induced environments could promote invasions to other human-induced environments. One major anthropogenic selection pressure is created by pesticides, and pests can be exposed to various pesticides in their native, as well as introduced, ranges. I investigated whether exposure to anthropogenic selection (i.e. insecticides and herbicides) and exposure to multiple anthropogenic stressors selects for higher stress tolerance. I also tested whether parental prolonged diapause or inse…

Acaricidal Activity of Bufadienolides Isolated from Drimia pancration against Tetranychus urticae, and Structural Elucidation of Arenobufagin-3-O-α-L…

2022

Chemical characterization of the bulbs of Drimia pancration was conducted to isolate four steroidal saponins (1–4). Earlier, we focused on the structural elucidation of compounds 1–3. Herein, by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Nuclear Overhauser Effects (NOE), and 2D-NMR spectra, the full stereochemical structure of 4 is reported, and all the 1H and 13C signals are assigned. Compounds 1–4 were tested for their acaricidal properties against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Our results showed excellent activity of compound 1, with an LD50 (µg/cm2) of 0.29 and a LD90 (µg/cm2) of 0.96, whereas compounds 2, 3, and 4 showed moderate activity. Furthermore, t…

Determination of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid in fruit juices using supported-liquid membrane preconcentration method wit…

2005

Abstract The application of supported-liquid membrane (SLM) technique for effective extraction of N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) and its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) from juices (orange, grapefruit, apple and blackcurrant) in combination with HPLC-UV detection after derivatization with p -toluenesulphonyl chloride (TsCl) is presented. The influence of various parameters such as the composition of acceptor phase, flow-rate, concentration of analytes, on the performance of extraction procedure, was studied. It was shown that by appropriate manipulation of SLM parameters the level of detection could be significantly improved. The influence of SLM conditions on…

Lotta alla mosca delle olive in olivicoltura integrata e biologica

2012

Bactrocera oleae, fitofago chiave dell’agroecosistema olivo, è presente in Italia in tutti gli areali interessati dalla coltura, tranne in alcune aree caratterizzate da maggiore altitudine dove il fattore termico non consente lo sviluppo della specie. Il dittero è fortemente legato alle temperature che del resto condizionano anche la fenologia dell’olivo; in effetti il numero di generazioni che la mosca può completare nell’anno varia da 1 fino a 4-5 in zone con temperature medie annue elevate (zone costiere e/o meridionali). La pericolosità della specie è pertanto legata al numero di generazioni e all’andamento climatico che, a seconda dell’annata e della zona, possono variare sensibilmente…

Estudio electroencefalográfico de las alteraciones de vigilia y sueño en ratas sometidas a pesticidas.

2017

Resumen: Introducción: En los últimos años existe una gran preocupación por el aumento de la incidencia de los trastornos del aprendizaje y del desarrollo en niños. Por ejemplo, las tasas de prevalencia del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) parecen ir en aumento en todo el mundo. El uso de sustancias químicas (pesticidas) en agricultura y en el hogar para combatir diferentes plagas no sólo tiene beneficios asociados, sino también una serie de perjuicios a nivel de los ecosistemas y graves consecuencias para la salud humana. Debido a que la mayoría de los pesticidas dirigen su efecto hacia el sistema nervioso de los insectos …

Tracking mite trophic interactions by multiplex PCR

2020

Background A thorough knowledge of trophic webs in agroecosystems is essential to achieve successful biological pest control. Phytoseiid mites are the most efficient natural enemies of tetranychid mites, which include several important pests worldwide. Nevertheless, phytoseiids may feed on other food sources including other microarthropods, plants and even other phytoseiids (intraguild predation), which can interfere with biological control services. Molecular gut content analysis is a valuable tool for characterizing trophic interactions, mainly when working on microarthropods such as mites. We have designed new primers for Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae and Thysanoptera identification and th…

Environmental remediation using nanomaterial as adsorbents for emerging micropollutants

2023

Water shortage and scarcity are issues of global concern. Water pollution caused by organic micropollutants further aggravates the problem, by rendering an already scarce resource unfit for human consumption. The existing conventional wastewater treatment methods and infrastructure were not designed to eliminate micropollutants. Therefore, their inefficiencies call for modern methods for removing emerging micropollutant residues such as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs), personal care products and pesticides. The use of nanomaterials, for the abatement of micropollutants in water is gaining traction in recent years, due to the abundance of susta…

Modulation of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Hyperphosphorylation by Nonstructural Proteins NS3, NS4A, and NS4B

1999

NS5A of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly phosphorylated protein involved in resistance against interferon and required most likely for replication of the viral genome. Phosphorylation of this protein is mediated by a cellular kinase(s) generating multiple proteins with different electrophoretic mobilities. In the case of the genotype 1b isolate HCV-J, in addition to the basal phosphorylated NS5A (designated pp56), a hyperphosphorylated form (pp58) was found on coexpression of NS4A (T. Kaneko, Y. Tanji, S. Satoh, M. Hijikata, S. Asabe, K. Kimura, and K. Shimotohno, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:320‐326, 1994). Using a comparative analysis of two full-length genomes of genotype 1b…

Genome sequence of SeIV-1, a novel virus from the Iflaviridae family infective to Spodoptera exigua

2011

Analysis of the transcriptome of Spodoptera exigua larvae revealed the presence of several ESTs with homology to virus of the order Picornavirales and with the highest similarity to Infectious flacherie virus (Iflaviridae) that infects Bombyx mori larvae. Iflaviridae is a recently defined family of insect-infecting viruses that consist of positive single strand RNA genomes translated into a single polyprotein of around 3000 amino acids long. Using the sequence information derived from the obtained ESTs, we have completed the genomic sequence of this virus. The novel S. exigua iflavirus (SeIV-1) has a genome of 10.3 kb and codes for a 3222 aa polyprotein. Expression analysis has revealed the…