Search results for "PEST"
showing 10 items of 1124 documents
Toxicity of lindane, atrazine, and deltamethrin to early life stages of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio).
1990
Fertilized eggs of zebrafish were exposed under flow-through conditions to several concentrations of the following pesticides: lindane 40, 80, 110, 130, and 150 micrograms/liter; atrazine 300, 1300, and 9100 micrograms/liter; deltamethrin 0.5, 0.8, and 1.2 micrograms/liter. Hatching, abnormalities in development (external deformations, edema, etc.), and mortality were recorded over a period of 35 days. At the end of the experiment, the body lengths of the fish were measured. Survival of juvenile fish after 35 days was reduced by increasing concentrations of all xenobiotics tested: lindane enhanced the mortality from 110 micrograms/liter and atrazine from 1300 micrograms/liter, and deltameth…
Occurrence of pesticide residues in Spanish beeswax
2017
Beeswax from Spain was collected during 2016 to determine pesticide residues incidence. The 35 samples were divided in foundation, old combs, cappings or virgin beeswax to compare pesticide content between groups. Wax was screened for 58 pesticides or their degradation products by QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Beeswax was uniformly contaminated with acaricides and, to a much lesser extent, with insecticide and fungicide residues. Virgin followed by cappings were less contaminated than foundation and old combs beeswax. The miticides applied in-hive had a contribution to average pesticide load higher than 95%. Compounds widely used as acaricides, …
Exposure and cumulative risk assessment to non-persistent pesticides in Spanish children using biomonitoring.
2020
Abstract The main objective of the present research is to evaluate the exposure to pesticides in children (n = 568) from the Valencian Region (Spain). Six non-specific and 20 specific metabolites of organophosphate pesticides (OPs), herbicides (Herb), and pyrethroids (Pyr) were analyzed in urine samples. The biomarkers with the highest detection frequencies (>70%) were diethyl phosphate, p-nitrophenol, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, whose geometric mean concentrations (ng·ml-n1) were 1.53, 1.03, 1.51 and 1.19, respectively. Robust regression models showed that the province of residence and the recent consumption of vegetables, legumes and cereals were some of the mo…
A two-year monitoring of pesticide hazard in-hive: High honey bee mortality rates during insecticide poisoning episodes in apiaries located near agri…
2019
Pesticide residues in beebread, live and dead honey bees, together with honey bee death rate were monitored from June 2016 to June 2018 in three apiaries, located near agricultural settings and in wildlands. Dead honey bees were only collected and analyzed when significant mortality episodes occurred and pesticide content in beeswax of each experimental apiary was evaluated at the beginning of the study. Samples were extracted by a modified QuEChERS procedure and screened for pesticides residues by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pesticide hazard in the samples was evaluated through the hazard quotient approach (HQ). Beebread was widely contaminated with coumaphos and am…
Chemical oxidation and reduction of hexachlorocyclohexanes: A review
2019
Abstract Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) and its isomers (HCH) are some of the most common and most easily detected organochlorine pesticides in the environment. The widespread distribution of lindane is due to its use as an insecticide, accompanied by its persistence and bioaccumulation, whereas HCH were disposed of as waste in unmanaged landfills. Unfortunately, certain HCH (especially the most reactive ones: γ- and α-HCH) are harmful to the central nervous system and to reproductive and endocrine systems, therefore development of suitable remediation methods is needed to remove them from contaminated soil and water. This paper provides a short history of the use of lindane and a descri…
Photoelectrocatalyzed degradation of organophosphorus pesticide fenamiphos using WO3 nanorods as photoanode
2020
[EN] In this study, WO3 nanostructures were synthesized by the electrochemical anodization technique to use them on the degradation of persistent organic compounds such as the pesticide fenamiphos. The acids electrolyte used during the anodization were two different: 1.5 M H2SO4-0.05 M H2O2 and 1.5 M CH4O3S-0.05 M H2O2. Once the samples have been manufactured, they have been subjected to different tests to analyze the properties of the nanostructures. With Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) the samples have been examined morphologically, their composition and crystallinity has been studied through Raman Spectroscopy and their photoelectrochemical behaviour by Photoelectroch…
Chronic toxicity of fenitrothion to an algae (Nannochloris oculata), a rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), and the cladoceran (Daphnia magna).
1996
Chronic toxicity studies were conducted with an algae (Nannochloris oculata), a rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), and a cladoceran (Daphnia magna) to determine their relative sensitivities to the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion. The cladoceran D. magna was the most sensitive of the three species. The no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) for the study with the algae (1.0 mg/liter) and for the rotifer (1.0 mg/liter) were higher than the NOEC (0.009 microgram/liter) and the LC50 of 24 hr (0.067 microgram/liter) for D. magna. Most of the algal populations were not initially affected by exposure to fenitrothion. Pesticide concentrations higher than 1.0 mg/liter significantly redu…
Multibiomarker approach to fipronil exposure in the fish Dicentrarchus labrax under two temperature regimes
2020
12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105378
Metals and Organochlorine Compounds in Fish from Latvian Lakes
1998
Organochlorines and metals have high toxicity and worldwide distribution in the aquatic environment. They are known to accumulate in sediments. In mollusks and fishes, they are bioconcentrated, even when released in minute quantities into the environment. This is important, as these chemicals have an adverse impact on species diversity, and accumulate in humans when seafood is consumed (Jaffar et al. 1988; Ruiter 1995). The nature and extent of accumulation and impact of persistent xenobiotics in water bodies depend on their sources; i.e. whether they are from industry, agricultural activities, transboundary transport with air masses (Sharif et al. 1993), geochemically determined elevated c…
Neonicotinoids from coated seeds toxic for honeydew-feeding biological control agents
2021
Seed coating (‘seed treatment’) is the leading delivery method of neonicotinoid insecticides in major crops such as soybean, wheat, cotton and maize. However, this prophylactic use of neonicotinoids is widely discussed from the standpoint of environmental costs. Growing soybean plants from neonicotinoid-coated seeds in field, we demonstrate that soybean aphids (Aphis glycines) survived the treatment, and excreted honeydew containing neonicotinoids. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that honeydew excreted by the soybean aphid contained substantial concentrations of neonicotinoids even one month after sowing of the crop. Consuming this honeydew reduced the longevity of two biological control …