Search results for "PEST"
showing 10 items of 1124 documents
Analyse multi-échelles des compromis entre services écosystémiques fournis par la flore adventice
2021
Weeds contribute to the provision of various ecosystem services, negative when linked to their harmfulness (disservices) and positive due to the provision of trophic resources (floral resources, seeds) to pollinators and pest natural enemies (services). In this PhD thesis, we analysed how crop management strategies (coherent crop sequences and associated farming practices) implemented by farmers within a small agricultural landscape modulate the weed contribution to (dis)services provision. We also assessed the relative contribution of field cores and field edges (narrow area between the 1st row of the crop and the boundary) to these services. At the annual scale, we show that crop type hig…
Functionnal aspects of biodiversity in relation to plant health
2009
Texte intégral; The most visible impact of human activities on biodiversity concerns species which are part of our cultural heritage but a huge part of the diversity is still hidden, mainly in the ocean, in extreme environments and of course in the soil. Although some estimations can be proposed, they are all considered as under-evaluations of the putative number of taxa that could be present on (in?) the planet Earth. Despite it is not yet known, this biodiversity contributes to different services through the functioning of ecosystems, and thus influences the sustainability of these ecosystems. This was the case for instance when the unsuspected major roles of the archeabacteria in the bi…
Les expositions orales à un mélange de faibles doses de pesticides représentatif des usages bretons altèrent le métabolisme de rates gestantes exposé…
2014
National audience
Pourquoi faut-il se préoccuper de la toxicité des pesticides pour les microorganismes du sol ?
2017
EABIOmE INRA; Pourquoi faut-il se préoccuper de la toxicité des pesticides pour les microorganismes du sol ?
Prédiction du comportement des pesticides dans l’environnement à partir de leurs propriétés moléculaires
2015
oral communication abstract; Prédiction du comportement des pesticides dans l’environnement à partir de leurs propriétés moléculaires. 45e Congrès du Groupe Français des Pesticides "Devenir et impact des pesticides : verrous à lever et nouveaux enjeux
Evaluation des flux de pesticides dans les systèmes de culture innovants : forçage du modèle de simulation du devenir des pesticides MACRO avec le mo…
2015
Evaluation des flux de pesticides dans les systèmes de culture innovants : forçage du modèle de simulation du devenir des pesticides MACRO avec le modèle de culture STICS. 45e Congrès du Groupe Français des Pesticides "Devenir et impact des pesticides : verrous à lever et nouveaux enjeux. 45e Congrès du Groupe Français des Pesticides
Evaluation of the environmental fate and ecotoxicological impact of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in soil for improvement of its environmental risk asse…
2016
EABIOMEUBINRA; Pesticides protect crops from various pests but can also harm nontarget organisms. To minimize risks for the environment and human health, a huge amount of studies are carried out and evaluated during the authorization process of each pesticide. However, the prediction of the environmental fate and ecotoxicological impact of a pesticide remains difficult. Several 100 formerly used pesticides are now banned because unexpected risks emerged decades after their authorization. Risk assessment documents of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CHL) particularly lack information about its degradation and potential transformation products in soil, and its impact on non-targe…
Assessment of pesticides ecotoxicology on soil microorganism
2014
National audience
Developing and evaluating tools for assessing the impact of low-dose herbicide nicosulfuron on soil microbial diversity and functioning
2013
Today's conventinal agriculture still relies on the general use of pesticides. Even thought this guarantees production capabilities it also causes environmental pollution having impact on non-targeted organisms. Agricultural practices have been recognized by "The European Soil Framework Directive" as a major threat for soil biodiversity. However, without taking into consideration. recent methodological advances in microbiology, pesticide regulation at EU level relying solely on simple C and N mineralization tè-sts•. ln order to cope with this ECOFUN-MICROBIODIV project .aim to develop and evaluate tools to estimate the impact of herbicide nicosulfuron on the function and population dynamic…
Ecotoxicological impact of pesticides on natural microbial communities responsible for pesticide biodegradation in river sediments
2014
International audience; The general use of pesticides in various crops allows ensuring the quality of the crop production but has environmental impact, pesticide residues being often found in water resources, notably river in the agrosystems. As a result of repeated exposure to pesticides microorganisms can adapt to their degradation being responsible for enhanced degradation, an environmental friendly process diminishing the persistence of pesticide residues in the environment. This process can occur in the soil but also in the sediment of the river regularly exposed to pesticide contamination. To our best knowledge the ecotoxicological impact of multiple pesticides contamination on the de…