Search results for "PEST"
showing 10 items of 1124 documents
Évolution des pratiques et des performances technico-économiques et environnementales au sein du réseau de fermes DEPHY, filière Grandes Cultures
2021
National audience; Le réseau DEPHY génère des données uniques pour la production de connaissances génériquessur les systèmes agricoles peu consommateurs de pesticides. Des travaux récents ont valoriséla diversité des pratiques des agriculteurs DEPHY, décrites au moment de leur entrée dans leréseau, pour (i) identifier les caractéristiques techniques des stratégies de gestion associées à unfaible usage de pesticides, en tenant compte des spécificités du contexte de production dechaque ferme, et (ii) étudier le lien entre le niveau d’usage de pesticides et les performances deproductivité et de rentabilité économique. L’ambition de la thèse est d’analyser maintenant lesévolutions de pratiques …
Allelopatyczne właściwości metabolitów wtórnych roślin uprawnych
2009
Allelopathy has been defined by the International Allelopathy Society as "any process involving secondary metabolites produced by plants, microorganisms, viruses and fungi that influence the growth and development of agricultural and biological systems, including positive and negative effects [1]". Allelochemicals can be released into the environment and despite what effect they evoke towards living organisms this kind of specific chemical interactions is known as "allelopathy". Allelopathic phenomena have been observed and studied from ancient times. Theophrastus from Eresos, a disciple of Aristotle, reported an inhibitory effect of pigweed Polygonum spp. on alfalfa in ca. 350 B.C., wherea…
Alteraciones neurológicas (cognitivas y motoras) en ratas expuestas perinatalmente a pesticidas contaminantes ambientales. Mecanismos moleculares imp…
2016
El uso de substancias químicas en agricultura y en el hogar para combatir una gran variedad de plagas ha sido generalizado durante todo el siglo pasado, ya que de lo contrario estas plagas menguarían la producción de las cosechas como fuente de alimento. Sin embargo estos beneficios vienen asociados con una serie de perjuicios ya no sólo a nivel de ecosistemas (pérdida de diversidad) sino que conllevan consecuencias para la salud humana. Debido a que la mayoría de los pesticidas actúan sobre el sistema nervioso de los insectos y los procesos neuroquímicos son similares a los del sistema nervioso de humanos, los hace especialmente peligrosos por su neurotoxicidad. En los últimos años se ha o…
Sterol oxidation in ready-to-eat infant foods during storage.
2008
The effect of storage on sterol oxidation of ready-to-eat infant foods was evaluated. Two different flavor (honey -LH- or fruits-LF-) liquid infant foods, prepared with milk and cereals, were stored for 0, 2, 4, 7 and 9 months, at 25ºC. Sterol oxidation products (SOP) were extracted by cold saponification, purified by silica solid-phase and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. -sitosterol was the most representative sterol, followed by cholesterol and campesterol. No significant differences in the total and single SOP content (0.8-1 mg/kg of product) were observed with respect to storage time and type of sample; the main SOP found was 7-ketositosterol (< …
Effect of Cry Toxins on Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Larvae
2022
Simple Summary Xylotrechus arvicola is a destructive pest in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in the main wine-producing areas of the Iberian Peninsula. X. arvicola larvae bore into the grapevine wood-making galleries, thus damaging the plant both directly and indirectly. The susceptibility of X. arvicola larvae to five coleopteran toxic Cry proteins was evaluated under laboratory conditions in order to deepen the knowledge of the effect of these proteins on this insect throughout its biological development. The Cry proteins tested could be applied to control X. arvicola larvae since they were able to kill them and cause serious alterations in the larvae during the remaining months of development…
Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on survival and oxidative status of a non-target herbivore, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlin…
2019
Glyphosate is the globally most used herbicide against a wide range of weeds. Glyphosate has been considered safe to animals as it mainly targets physiological pathways in plants. However, recent toxicological studies have revealed that glyphosate can cause various toxic effects also on animals. In this study, we investigated the direct toxic effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH, Roundup® Bio) on 1) survival and 2) oxidative status of a non-target herbivore by using Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), originating from Poland and USA, as model species. Larvae were randomly divided into three groups: 1) high concentration (100% Roundup Bio, 360 g/l), 2) low concentrat…
Molecular Basis for Endocrine Disruption by Pesticides Targeting Aromatase and Estrogen Receptor
2020
The intensive use of pesticides has led to their increasing presence in water, soil, and agricultural products. Mounting evidence indicates that some pesticides may be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), being therefore harmful for the human health and the environment. In this study, three pesticides, glyphosate, thiacloprid, and imidacloprid, were tested for their ability to interfere with estrogen biosynthesis and/or signaling, to evaluate their potential action as EDCs. Among the tested compounds, only glyphosate inhibited aromatase activity (up to 30%) via a non-competitive inhibition or a mixed inhibition mechanism depending on the concentration applied. Then, the ability of the thr…
Application de la photogrammétrie à la documentation de l’art rupestre, des chantiers de fouilles et du bâti
2017
During his archaeological missions the Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology tested the 3D modelling of several typesof objects. His team chose the ‘Structure-from-Motion’ (SfM) method which works according the basic principle of stereoscopicphotogrammetry, namely that 3D structure can be resolved from two or more overlapping, offset images. Most of other methodscapable of surveying, at high resolution, often complex objects and landforms are very expensive and have a difficult portability.Using only a consumer-grade digital camera and a scale on the ground, the user moves through the environment, acquiringphotographs of the area of interest from as many locations and perspectives as possible.…
Estudio sobre la composición en el Arte Levantino
1992
Estudio del arte levantino (arte rupestre).
Konkurētspējas paaugstināšanas iespējas auto nomas nozares uzņēmumam Latvijā
2020
Bakalaura darba tēma – “Konkurētspējas paaugstināšanas iespējas auto nomas nozares uzņēmumam Latvijā”. Darba mērķis – pamatojoties uz SIA “Lux Trans Limited”, konkurējošo uzņēmumu un nozares analīzi, identificēt uzņēmuma konkurētspējas iespējas un izstrādāt priekšlikumus uzņēmuma konkurētspējas paaugstināšanai. SIA “Lux Trans Limited” sniedz automašīnu iznomāšanas pakalpojumus Rīgā, kur plaši attīstījušies ir auto koplietošanas pakalpojumi. Šādu pakalpojumu strauja attīstība kavē SIA “Lux Trans Limited” attīstību un konkurētspēju Rīgā. Lai risinātu pastāvošo problēmu, uzņēmumam pakāpeniski jāieiet auto koplietošanas nozarē, jāveic aktīvi mārketinga pasākumi, jāpiesaista jauni klienti, jāapg…