Search results for "PESTICIDE"

Sequencing, De Novo Assembly and Annotation of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Transcriptome

2012

Background. The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a major pest and a serious threat to potato cultivation throughout the northern hemisphere. Despite its high importance for invasion biology, phenology and pest management, little is known about L. decemlineata from a genomic perspective. We subjected European L. decemlineata adult and larval transcriptome samples to 454-FLX massively-parallel DNA sequencing to characterize a basal set of genes from this species. We created a combined assembly of the adult and larval datasets including the publicly available midgut larval Roche 454 reads and provided basic annotation. We were particularly interested in diapause-specific g…

Chlorinated hydrocarbons and total mercury in the prey of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla L.) in the quarken straits of the gulf of both…

1976

Samples of the white-tailed eagle population and its prey were collected from the Quarken straits area of the Gulf of Bothnia, Finland, and were analyzed for DDT, DDD, PCBs, aldrin, lindane, and mercury. Mercury, PCB, and DDE were detected in all animals studied. It was concluded that one of the most important reasons for the poor breeding results of the white-tained eagle (especially hatchability) are the combined effects of the studied pollutants originating for the most part from the fish-eating species in its prey (mergansers and great crested grebes). (JTE)

Microbial toxicity and impacts on soil enzyme activities of pesticides used in potato cultivation

2009

In the conventional cultivation of potatoes, weed control and the control of potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans are carried out by the application of herbicides and fungicides. We investigated the impacts of the herbicides metribuzin and linuron and the fungicide fluazinam on soil microbiota in microcosms, in mesocosms and in the field. The toxicity of each pesticide in solution was assessed using the luminescent bacteria test and in soil by a solid phase modification. In microcosm tests, the microbial activity and biomass were estimated by measuring several soil enzyme activities together with soil ATP content. In the mesocosm tests, the separate addition of each pesticide…

Toxicity assessment of pesticides using the microtox test: application to environmental samples.

1997

Effects of dimethoate and benomyl on soil organisms and soil processes – a microcosm study

1998

Abstract Effects of two pesticides, dimethoate, an insecticide, and benomyl, a fungicide, applied singly or together, on soil organisms and plant growth were studied in microcosms containing agricultural soil and indigenous soil fauna together with introduced invertebrates and barley. Dimethoate reduced soil microarthropod populations and the reduction was stronger in the upper than in the lower soil layer. The collembolan community structure was affected by both pesticides. Populations of microarthropods in pesticide-treated microcosms recovered during the experiment but the community structures remained differentiated. Total numbers of enchytraeids and nematodes were not affected by eithe…

Multiresidue analysis of organic pollutants by in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospr…

2013

In this work, in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupling with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) multiresidue analytical method has been proposed for the first time for on-line enrichment of 9 analytes included in Water Frame Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD). The device was equipped with a GC TRB-5 capillary column, used as pre-concentration loop, and two conventional six-port injection valves. Water sample and desorption solvent volumes were tested. The optimum conditions were 4mL of processed sample followed by elution with 40μL of methanol. The analytes were detected with a mass spectrometer after being ionized positively using an elect…

Analysis of carbamate and phenylurea pesticide residues in fruit juices by solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

2007

A new analysis method to detect carbamates and phenylurea pesticide residues in fruit juices was developed using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/QIT-MS). The pesticide residues present in watery matrices as fruit juices were extracted using three types of fibers: 50-microm Carbowax/templated resin (CW/TPR), 60-mum poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) and 85-microm polyacrylate. The different extraction conditions were evaluated choosing as the best parameters 90 min (time), 20 degrees C (temperature) and 1 ml (volume). After extrac…

Photoelectrocatalyzed degradation of a pesticides mixture solution (chlorfenvinphos and bromacil) by WO3 nanosheets

2019

[EN] A photoelectrocatalyst consisting of WO3 nanosheets or nanorods has been synthesized by electrochemical anodization under hydrodynamic conditions, and has been used for the degradation of two toxic pesticides: chlorfenvinphos and bromacil. Nanostructures have been characterized by FESEM and Raman spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical degradation tests have been carried out both for individual pesticide solutions and for a mixture solution, and the concentration evolution with time has been followed by UV¿Vis spectrophotometry. For individual pesticides, pseudo-first order kinetic coefficients of 0.402 h¿1 and 0.324 h¿1 have been obtained for chlorfenvinphos and bromacil, respectively, whi…

Occurrence and removal efficiency of pesticides in sewage treatment plants of four Mediterranean River Basins.

2013

Removal of contaminants in the sewage treatment plants (STPs) can be incomplete causing their release to the environment. In this paper, the results of an extensive survey on more than 40 pesticides carried out in 2010 and 2011 in 16 STPs of Ebro, Guadalquivir, Jucar and Llobregat Rivers (Spain) are presented. In 2010, of 43 analytes screened, 29 were detected in influent and 28 in effluent samples, meanwhile in 2011, of 50 analytes, 33 and 34 were detected, respectively. Pesticides were in the range of 0.33 ng L(-1) (terbumeton, 2011)-2526.05 ng L(-1) (diuron, 2010) for influent and 0.25 ng L(-1) (terbumeton, 2011)-2821.12 ng L(-1) (carbendazim, 2011) for effluent. Regarding the sludge sam…

The use of blue tit eggs as a biomonitoring tool for organohalogenated pollutants in the European environment

2010

In the present study, large scale geographical variation in the occurrence of organohalogenated pollutants (OHPs) was investigated throughout Europe using eggs of a terrestrial resident passerine species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Blue tit eggs from 10 sampling locations, involving suburban, rural and remote areas, in 7 European countries were collected and analysed. Sum polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels ranged from 150 ng/g lipid weight (lw) to 2003 ng/g lw. Sum polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ranged from 3.95 ng/g lw to 114 ng/g lw. As expected, PCB and PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in the sampled suburban locations compared to the rural and remote loc…