Search results for "PESTICIDE"
showing 10 items of 588 documents
Les impacts du campagnol terrestre sur les systèmes fourragers : le cas de l’élevage bovin allaitant en Bourgogne
2014
EAAgroSupECOLDUR; Do vole outbreaks have the same effects on suckler beef farms in Burgundy as they do on daily farms in Auvergne and Franche-Comte? Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 farmers from Burgundy who had been affected by a water vole outbreak in 2011. The results indicate that, just like farmers in Auvergne and Franche-Comte, farmers in Burgundy witnessed a decrease in forage quantity and quality. Farmers used diverse measures to deal with the outbreak (e.g., avoidance strategies or the use of bromadiolone). Farmers that described water voles as pests were more likely to have used bromadiolone, while those who described water voles in morphological terms or in ter…
Microbial aspects of atrazine biodegradation in relation to history of soil treatment
1999
Among 15 soils with different cropping practices, seven which had an history of repeated atrazine applications showed accelerated degradation of this herbicide. By contrast, grassland or agricultural soils with no recorded atrazine application, at least for the last three years, had a low degradation potential. No direct relation was found between the rate of atrazine mineralisation and the size of the microbial biomass. In adapted soils, the amounts of extractable residues were lowered and the very high percentages of radioactivity from [ring-14C]atrazine recovered as [14C]carbon dioxide demonstrated that N-dealkylation and deamidation were the only processes for micro-organisms to derive …
Response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to Herbicides: Negative Relationship Between Toxicity and Water Solubility Across Several Herbicide Families
2002
International audience
Indicateurs pour l'évaluation de l'impact de produits phytosanitaires sur la composante microbienne de la qualité biologique des sols
2011
National audience
Effect of cropping cycles and repeated herbicide applications on the degradation of diclofop-methyl, bentazone, diuron, isoproturon and pendimethalin…
2002
A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the ability of four crops (wheat, corn, oilseed rape and soybean) to influence the degradation of bentazone, diclofop-methyl, diuron, isoproturon and pendimethalin in soil. The present study showed that microbial biomass-carbon was significantly higher in planted soils than in bulk soil, especially with wheat and corn, after several cropping cycles. The biomass in corn and soybean planted soils was adversely affected by bentazone but recovered after three cropping cycles. In wheat-planted soils, diclofop-methyl application resulted in persistent increase of the amount of microbial biomass. Bentazone did not show accelerated degradation even af…
Monitoring of atrazine treatment on soil bacterial, fungal and atrazine-degrading communities by quantitative competitive PCR
2003
We report the development of quantitative competitive (QC) PCR assays for quantifying the 16S, 18S ribosomal and atzC genes in nucleic acids directly extracted from soil. QC-PCR assays were standardised, calibrated and evaluated with an experimental study aiming to evaluate the impact of atrazine application on soil microflora. Comparison of QC-PCR 16S and 18S results with those of soil microbial biomass showed that, following atrazine application, the microbial biomass was not affected and that the amount of 16S rDNA gene representing 'bacteria' increased transitorily, while the amount of 18S rDNA gene representing fungi decreased in soil. In addition, comparison of atzC QC-PCR results wit…
Le dispositif Ecophyto 2018 est-il suffisant pour réduire l'usage des pesticides ?
2014
National audience
Évaluation mettant en balance les risques et les bénéfices relatifs d’autres produits phytopharmaceutiques autorisés ou des méthodes non chimiques de…
2018
La saisine porte sur l’évaluation des intérêts agronomiques et des risques des préparations phytopharmaceutiques (PPP) à base de substances actives de la famille des néonicotinoïdes (NN) et de leurs alternatives : il est demandé, pour les usages autorisés en France des PPP à base de NN, de réaliser une évaluation mettant en balance les risques et les bénéfices des PPP autorisées, ou des méthodes non chimiques de prévention ou de lutte. La demande porte également sur l’incidence économique et les éventuelles conséquences de mise en oeuvre pratique pour l’activité agricole, ainsi que les risques d’apparition de résistances parmi les organismes nuisibles (ON). Cette demande a pris place dans l…
Leaching of oryzalin and diuron through undisturbed vineyard soil columns under outdoor conditions
2006
12 pages; International audience; Field studies monitoring herbicide pollution in the vineyards of Burgundy (France) have revealed that drinking water reservoirs are contaminated with several pre-emergence herbicides. An assessment of the leaching of two such herbicides, diuron and oryzalin, was therefore performed using lysimeters, under outdoor conditions, from May 2001 to May 2002. Four vineyard soils from Vosne-Roman?(Burgundy) were chosen along a topolithosequence: a rendosol and three calcosols. After 673 mm of rainfall, greater amounts of diuron than oryzalin were measured in percolates: respectively 0.10-0.84% and 0.02-0.43% of applied herbicide, depending on soils. Measurements for…
Landscape composition and farming practices affect the abundance of the codling moth and its predation and parasitism in apple orchards
2016
National audience; There is increasing recognition that landscape management could contribute to sustainable pest control. However, while many studies indicate that the proportion of semi-natural habitat over the landscape correlates positively with the abundance and diversity of natural enemies in elds, results are more equivocal concerning the reduction of pest abundance. This last result is possibly due to the diversity of land-use intensity in the landscapes. In the present studies, we assessed whether amount of semi-natural habitat and pesticide use at both local and landscape scales a ected the abundance of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, lepidoptera), its parasitism and predation of s…