Search results for "PG"
showing 10 items of 1521 documents
Transgenic expression and activation of PGC-1α protect dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
2011
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress occur in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling these events. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator that is a master regulator of oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism. We show here that transgenic mice overexpressing PGC-1α in dopaminergic neurons are resistant against cell degeneration induced by the neurotoxin MPTP. The increase in neuronal viability was accompanied by elevated levels of mitochondrial antioxidants SOD2 and Trx2 in the substantia nigra of transgenic mice. PGC-1α overexpression also protected against MP…
Mutation analysis of the SPG4 gene in Italian patients with pure and complicated forms of spastic paraplegia
2010
Mutations in the SPG4 gene are the most common causes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) accounting for up to 40% of autosomal dominant (AD) forms and 12-18% of sporadic cases. The phenotype associated with HSP due to mutations in the SPG4 gene tends to be pure. There is increasing evidence, however, of patients with complicated forms of spastic paraplegia in which SPG4 mutations were identified. A cohort of 38 unrelated Italian patients with spastic paraplegia, of which 24 had a clear dominant inheritance and 14 were apparently sporadic, were screened for mutations in the SPG4 gene.We identified 11 different mutations, six of which were novel (p.Glu143GlyfsX8, p.Tyr415X, p.Asp548Asn, c…
Comparison of short-term heart rate variability indexes evaluated through electrocardiographic and continuous blood pressure monitoring
2019
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis represents an important tool for the characterization of complex cardiovascular control. HRV indexes are usually calculated from electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings after measuring the time duration between consecutive R peaks, and this is considered the gold standard. An alternative method consists of assessing the pulse rate variability (PRV) from signals acquired through photoplethysmography, a technique also employed for the continuous noninvasive monitoring of blood pressure. In this work, we carry out a thorough analysis and comparison of short-term variability indexes computed from HRV time series obtained from the ECG and from PRV time series …
Obesity causes PGC‐1α deficiency in the pancreas leading to marked IL‐6 upregulation via NF‐κB in acute pancreatitis
2019
Obesity is associated with local and systemic complications in acute pancreatitis. PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator and master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis that exhibits dysregulation in obese subjects. Our aims were: (1) to study PGC-1α levels in pancreas from lean or obese rats and mice with acute pancreatitis; and (2) to determine the role of PGC-1α in the inflammatory response during acute pancreatitis elucidating the signaling pathways regulated by PGC-1α. Lean and obese Zucker rats and lean and obese C57BL6 mice were used first; subsequently, wild-type and PGC-1α knockout (KO) mice with cerulein-induced pancreatitis were used to assess the inflam…
Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines.
2009
International audience; Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most widely used across the world; they are commercialized in different formulations. Their residues are frequent pollutants in the environment. In addition, these herbicides are spread on most eaten transgenic plants, modified to tolerate high levels of these compounds in their cells. Up to 400 ppm of their residues are accepted in some feed. We exposed human liver HepG2 cells, a well-known model to study xenobiotic toxicity, to four different formulations and to glyphosate, which is usually tested alone in chronic in vivo regulatory studies. We measured cytotoxicity with three assays (Alamar Blue (R), MTT ToxiLight (R)), plus gen…
Decreased prevalence of left-handedness among females with male co-twins: evidence suggesting prenatal testosterone transfer in humans?
2009
Studies of singletons suggest that right-handed individuals may have higher levels of testosterone than do left-handed individuals. Prenatal testosterone levels are hypothesised to be especially related to handedness formation. In humans, female members from opposite-sex twin pairs may experience elevated level of prenatal exposure to testosterone in their intra-uterine environment shared with a male. We tested for differences in rates of left-handedness/right-handedness in female twins from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs. Our sample consisted of 4736 subjects, about 70% of all Finnish twins born in 1983–1987, with information on measured pregnancy and birth related factors. Circulati…
Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for the development of enamel defects in low birth weight children
2009
Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 257–262 Objective: To analyse the influence of several prenatal and neonatal risk factors in the development of enamel defects in low birth weight children. Subjects and methods: Children between 4 and 5 years of age (n = 102) were classified into: Group 1) 52 low birth weight (<2500 g); Group 2) 50 normal birth weight (≥2500 g). Medical history, prenatal and neonatal variables were collected. Enamel defects were evaluated with the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Results: The prevalence of hypoplasia and average number of affected teeth were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (59.6%vs 16% and 1.6 vs 0.3 respectively). Low gestational …
Laparoscopic Repair of Boundary Incisional Hernia in a Kidney Transplant Patient: A Safe Tacks-Fibrin Glue Combined Mesh Fixation Technique.
2018
Abstract Background Incisional hernia in renal transplant patients is a complication that negatively affects the global outcome of transplant and quality of life. The repair of this condition was classically made by open repair with mesh. Increasing evidence suggests that laparoscopic repair could be advocated as the technique of choice in these patients with optimal results. However, the fixation of mesh should be performed by a mixed combination of fibrin sealant (lateral margin of wall defect) and tacks (medial margin). The tacks fixation of the mesh along the lateral margin of the wall defect, close to the graft, is generally difficult for the small size of the remaining aponeurotic pla…
La concentración sanguínea de PGC-1a predice miocardio salvado y remodelado ventricular tras infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST
2015
et al.
Misidentification Delusions : prevalence in different types of dementia and validation of a structured Questionnaire
2016
International audience; Misidentification delusions (MDs) are considered relatively rare psychopathologic phenomena that may occur within the context of psychiatric or neurological conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of MD in different types of dementia, correlate the presence of MD with demographic and clinical variables, and validate a specific questionnaire. We examined 146 subjects with Alzheimer disease, 21 with Lewy body dementia, 6 with frontotemporal dementia, and 13 with vascular dementia (subcortical type), who were consecutively enrolled in the study from 2 Memory Clinics. Patients had a mean age of 78.7±6.4 years and an Mini-Mental State Examinatio…