Search results for "PHARMACOLOGY"

Crosstalk of mitochondria with NADPH oxidase via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species signalling and its role for vascular function

2016

Cardiovascular diseases are associated with and/or caused by oxidative stress. This concept has been proven by using the approach of genetic deletion of reactive species producing (pro-oxidant) enzymes as well as by the overexpression of reactive species detoxifying (antioxidant) enzymes leading to a marked reduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and in parallel to an amelioration of the severity of diseases. Likewise, the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases is aggravated by overexpression of RONS producing enzymes as well as deletion of antioxidant RONS detoxifying enzymes. Thus, the consequences of the interaction (redox crosstalk) of superoxide/hydroge…

Antioxidant Activity and Determination of Gallic Acid and Quercetin in Osyris alba L. Root Extract. The Root Oil Contains Essential Fatty Acids

2018

Osyris alba L. (Santalaceae) is a shrub that grows wildly in southern Europe, North Africa and South-west Asia. In Algeria, the decoction of the root bark of this plant has been used since ancient times in folk medicine by the local population in the region of the mountains of Béni- Snousse (South west of Tlemcen), as a fortifying, antianaemic and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds of the root by using DPPH, FRAP, TAC methods. Determination of the phenolic profile of the root extract was assessed using HPLC-DAD technique (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection). While the determination …

Detection of Vasodilators From Herbal Components by a Transcriptome-Based Functional Gene Module Reference Approach

2019

Vasodilatation is one of the key therapeutic strategies for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases with high blood pressure. Therefore, development of drugs assisting blood vessel dilation is promising. It has been proved that many drugs display definite vasorelaxant effects. However, there are very few studies that systemically explore the effective vasodilators. In this work, we build a transcriptome-based functional gene module reference approach for systematic pursuit of agents with vasorelaxant effects. We firstly curate two functional gene modules that specifically involved in positive and negative regulation of vascular diameter based on the known gene functional interactio…

2′-O-Galloylhyperin Isolated From Pyrola incarnata Fisch. Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 and Inhibition of …

2018

2'-O-galloylhyperin, a major compound of Pyrola incarnata Fisch., possesses a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of 2'-O-GH in microbial infection and sepsis are not clear. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of 2'-O-GH. We found that 2'-O-GH significantly reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO), suppressed the expression levels of iNOS, blocked the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to nucleus, and decreased the MAPK activation in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. 2'-O-GH also enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nr…

Voyage d’étude autour de la pratique officinale suisse

2017

International audience; Twenty-seven students from the Dijon health sciences training and research unit in the 6th year of their course and specialising in the community setting had the opportunity to undertake a study trip to meet Swiss colleagues. They discovered an innovative vision of pharmacy practice. The results of a feedback questionnaire highlighted the benefit of this pedagogical approach for the construction of the professional identity of these future community pharmacists.; L’intégration d’un voyage d’étude dans le cursus pharmaceutique parcours “officine” a permis à 27 étudiants de 6e année de l’unité de formation et de recherche des sciences de santé de Dijon d’aller à la ren…

Polyphenol intake from a Mediterranean diet decreases inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis: a substudy of the PREDIMED trial

2016

High dietary polyphenol intake is associated with reduced all-cause mortality and a lower incidence of cardiovascular events. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. The aim of the present substudy of the PREvencion con DIetaMEDiterranea (Prevention with Mediterranean diet; PREDIMED) trial was to analyse the relationship between polyphenol intake measured by total urinary polyphenol excretion (TPE), and circulating inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly individuals. A substudy of 1139 high-risk participants was carried out within the PREDIMED trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to a low-fat control diet or to two Mediterranean diets, sup…

The role of perivascular adipose tissue in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction

2016

Under physiological conditions, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) attenuates agonist-induced vasoconstriction by releasing vasoactive molecules including hydrogen peroxide, angiotensin 1-7, adiponectin, methyl palmitate, hydrogen sulfide, NO and leptin. This anticontractile effect of PVAT is lost under conditions of obesity. The central mechanism underlying this PVAT dysfunction in obesity is likely to be an 'obesity triad' (consisting of PVAT hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative stress) that leads to the impairment of PVAT-derived vasoregulators. The production of hydrogen sulfide, NO and adiponectin by PVAT is reduced in obesity, whereas the vasodilator response to leptin is impaired (vas…

Activation of α1A-adrenoceptors desensitizes the rat aorta response to phenylephrine through a neuronal NOS pathway, a mechanism lost with ageing

2017

Background and purpose A NO-mediated desensitization of vasoconstrictor responses evoked by stimulation of α1 -adrenoceptors has been reported in different vessels. We investigated the involvement of each α1 -adrenoceptor subtype and constitutive NOS isoforms and the influence of ageing and hypertension on this process. Experimental approach Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 16, 32, 52 and 72 weeks-old, were used to evaluate the desensitization process. Expression of α1 -adrenoceptor subtypes, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were determined in rat aorta and left ventricle (LV). Expression levels were also evaluated in LV of a group of heart failure patients wi…

Restoration of perivascular adipose tissue function in diet-induced obese mice without changing bodyweight

2017

Background and Purpose We have recently shown that a reduced function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contributes crucially to obesity-induced vascular dysfunction in mice. The current study was conducted to test the hypothesis that vascular dysfunction in obesity can be reversed by in vivo improvement of PVAT eNOS activity. Experimental Approach Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks to induce obesity. During the last 4 weeks of HFD feeding, the obese mice were treated orally with the standardized Crataegus extract WS® 1442 which has been shown previously to improve eNOS activity. Key Results Diet-induced obesit…

2020

Aims: Current anti-hypertensive therapies cannot cure hypertension and a life-long medication is necessary. Maternal treatment may represent a promising strategy for hypertension treatment. We have previously shown that maternal treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) leads to a persistent blood pressure reduction in the female offspring at age of 6-8 months. The underlying mechanisms include improved endothelial function resulting from long-lasting epigenetic changes. In the present study, we address the renal effects of maternal PETN treatment. Methods and Results: F0 parental SHR were fed with either normal chow or PETN-containing (1 g/…