Search results for "PHYLOGENE"

Origin of the Metazoan Immune System: Identification of the Molecules and Their Functions in Sponges

2011

SYNOPSIS. During the evolutionary transition to Metazoa, cell-cell- as well as cell-matrix recognition molecules have been formed, which made a further step in evolution possible, the establishment of an immune system. Sponges [Porifera] represent the oldest still extant metazoan phylum and consequently testify to major features of the common metazoan ancestor, the Urmetazoa. Most studies with respect to evolution and phylogeny in sponges have been performed with the marine demosponges Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium. These animals possess effective defense systems against microbes and parasites which involve engulfment of bacteria into specific cells, but also signal transduction p…

Origin of a sudden mass occurrence of the stolbur phytoplasma vectorHyalesthes obsoletus(Cixiidae) in Austria

2014

The grapevine disease ‘bois noir’ is widespread in European viticulture, but in many regions there is a lack of correspondence between disease spread and abundance of the main insect vector, the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus. This was the situation in Austria until 2012, when a mass occurrence of the vector was observed on Urtica dioica, a new host plant for the vector and reservoir plant for the pathogen, stolbur phytoplasma, in this area. Here we analyse the origin of the Austrian vector populations using genetic markers. The origin was unambiguously assigned to two regional populations, and two causes for the population expansion: immigration of East Central European populations and l…

2018

Purpose: Few large-scale population-based studies have adequately examined the relationships between steroid hormones, health status and physical fitness. The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship of serum basal endogenous steroid hormones (testosterone, TES; empirical free testosterone, EFT; cortisol, COR) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) to body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and physical fitness in young healthy men. Methods: Male reservists (25±4 yrs, N=846) participated in the study. Basal TES, EFT, COR and SHBG were measured in morning fasted blood. Stepwise regression analyses were used to examine associations between individual hormones to four sepa…

Type II keratin cDNAs from the rainbow trout: implications for keratin evolution.

2002

From a teleost fish, the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, we have cloned and sequenced cDNAs encoding five different type II keratins. The corresponding protein spots, as separated by 2D-PAGE of trout cytoskeletal preparations, have been identified by peptide mass mapping using MALDI mass spectrometry. Three of the sequenced keratins are expressed in the epidermis (subtype IIe), and two in simple epithelia and mesenchymal cells (subtype IIs). The IIs keratins are both orthologs of human K8. This leaves unsequenced only the trace component S3 of the biochemically established trout keratin catalog. A phylogenetic tree has been constructed from a multiple alignment of the rod domains of the …

Long-term function of porcine islets and single cells embedded in barium-alginate matrix.

1993

The influence of alginate-embedding on the maintenance of functioning and morphological integrity in long-term culture of isolated porcine islets and islet cells was studied. Free-floating islets and islet cells served for control. Function was tested after the 1st, 2nd and 4th week. Basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of embedded islets decreased slightly, but significantly after the first week (from 4.39 +/- 0.64 to 2.87 +/- 0.47 at normal and from 11.96 +/- 1.44 to 4.76 +/- 0.78 microU pro 24 h pro islet at elevated glucose concentration, p < 0.05 and < 0.01, resp.) and remained unchanged thereafter. Glucose-stimulation resulted in significant increases in insulin secretion at…

Simultaneous stimulation of growth hormone, adrenocorticotropin and cortisol with L‐dopa/L‐carbidopa and propranolol in children of short stature

2000

In 59 otherwise healthy children of short stature, the simultaneous response of growth hormone, cortisol and plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) to L-dopa/L-carbidopa and propranolol at 45 and 90 min after administration were investigated. A growth hormone response of 10 microg/l or higher was considered positive. The definition of a positive cortisol response included either a hormone increase of at least 193 nmol/l or a peak hormone level of at least 497 nmol/l. The ACTH increase had to be fourfold above 11 pmol/l to be considered positive. In the 59 investigated children, the median basal growth hormone levels increased from 1.35 microg/l to 18.05 microg/l and 10.15 microg/l at 45 and 90 m…

Observaciones sobre algunos caracteres de valor taxonómico en el grupo de los carófitos

1990

The variability of the microstructurals characters and mineralogical composition of the oogonia of some charophytes extant and fossils is described. Two types of microstructures (W &amp; V) are find. These are conservative into populations and are not able to change by the environmental factors. Moreover, these structures are quite constant in some of the phylogenetics groups studied. Consequently it is proposed its utilization in taxonomy. The apparition of original compounds in the Charophyta (vaterite. whewelite, aragonite, etc.) is important because it supports an old idea that considerates the Charophyta as an autonomous class between the Clorophyta and the Traqueophyta.&lt;br&gt;&lt;b…

Fasciolasis humana y animal en África, con enfásis en Egipto

2013

Fasciolid flukes cause fascioliasis, an helminthic disease of humans and livestock and which is transmitted by specific freshwater snails of the family Lymnaeidae, within a frame of transmission and epidemiology pronouncedly influenced by climate factors and environmental conditions. In Africa, fascioliasis is caused by the two species Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, giving rise to important economic losses in husbandry throughout. Research on human infection has focused on northern Maghreb countries and Egypt, whereas studies on the wide region southward from the Sahara have only been sporadic. The present Thesis includes the genetic characterisation of the lymnaeid species found in se…

Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of the lichen microalga Asterochloris mediterranea sp. nov. from Mediterranean and Canary Islands ecosystems

2015

The microalgae of the genus Asterochloris are the preferential phycobionts in Cladonia, Lepraria and Stereocaulon lichens. Recent studies have highlighted the hidden diversity of the genus, even though phycobionts hosting Cladonia spp. in Mediterranean and Canarian ecosystems have been poorly explored. Phylogenetic analyses were made by concatenation of the sequences obtained with a plastid -LSU rDNA- and two nuclear -ITS rDNA and actin- molecular markers of the phycobionts living in several populations of Cladonia convoluta-C. foliacea complex, C. rangiformis and C. cervicornis species widely distributed in these areas in a great variety of substrata and habitats. A new strongly supported …

Coxal combs in the Cydnidae sensu lato and three other related “cydnoid” families – Parastrachiidae, Thaumastellidae, Thyreocoridae (Hemiptera: Heter…

2010

Lis, Jerzy A. (2010): Coxal combs in the Cydnidae sensu lato and three other related " cydnoid " families - Parastrachiidae, Thaumastellidae, Thyreocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): functional, taxonomic, and phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa 2476: 53-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.893992