Search results for "PID"
showing 10 items of 11585 documents
Activation of astroglial phospholipase D activity by phorbol ester involves ARF and Rho proteins.
2000
Primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes express phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms 1 and 2 as determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Basal PLD activity was strongly (10-fold) increased by 4beta-phorbol-12beta,13alpha-dibutyrate (PDB) (EC(50): 56 nM), an effect which was inhibited by Ro 31-8220 (0.1-1 microM), an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), and by brefeldin A (10-100 microg/ml), an inhibitor of ADP-ribosylating factor (ARF) activation. Pretreatment of the cultures with Clostridium difficile toxin B-10463 (0.1-1 ng/ml), which inactivates small G proteins of the Rho family, led to a breakdown of the astroglial cytoskeleton; concomitantly, PLD activation by PDB was reduced by up to 50%…
Metabotropic glutamate receptors activate phospholipase D in astrocytes through a protein kinase C-dependent and Rho-independent pathway.
2003
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate phospholipase D (PLD) activation in brain, but the mechanism underlying this response remains unclear. Here we used primary cultures of astrocytes as a cell model to explore the mechanism that links mGluRs to PLD. Glutamate activated both phospholipase C (PLC) and PLD with equal potency and this effect was mimicked by L-cysteinesulfinic acid, a putative neurotransmitter previously shown to activate mGluRs coupled to PLD, but not PLC, in adult brain. PLD activation by glutamate was dependent on Ca(2+) mobilization and fully blocked by both protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and PKC down-regulation, suggesti…
Rho GTPases: Promising Cellular Targets for Novel Anticancer Drugs
2006
Ras-homologous (Rho) GTPases play a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular functions associated with malignant transformation and metastasis. Rho GTPases are localized at membranes and become activated upon stimulation of cell surface receptors. In their GTP-bound (=active) state, Rho proteins bind to effector proteins, thereby triggering specific cellular responses. Members of the Rho family of small GTPases are key regulators of actin reorganization, cell motility, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion as well as of cell cycle progression, gene expression and apoptosis. Each of these functions is of importance for the development and progression of cancer. Fu…
Inhibition of Rho modulates cytokine-induced prostaglandin E2 formation in renal mesangial cells.
2003
Stimulation of rat mesangial cells for 24 h with interleukin-1β(IL-1β) plus forskolin (Fk) leads to a marked increase in prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) synthesis. This effect is further enhanced by the small G-protein Rho inhibitor toxin A. A similar increase in PGE 2 formation is obtained with Y27632, a Rho-dependent kinase inhibitor, and with lovastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A inhibitor which depletes cells from geranylgeranyl moieties and thus blocks Rho activation. In parallel to the increased PGE 2 synthesis, a potentiation of IL-1β-induced secretory group IIA phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 -IIA) protein expression also occurs by Rho inhibition. However, only toxin A triggers an in…
A case-control study on risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract: The Casteldaccia Eye Study
2005
Purpose: To investigate risk factors for nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular age-related cataract. Methods: A case-control study was carried out on subjects aged 40 years and older, living in Casteldaccia, Sicily. Twenty-seven potential risk factors were investigated. Nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities of the lens were classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System II. Subjects with advanced lens opacities represented the cases, while an identical number of subjects without or with early cataract, matched for sex and age, were recruited as controls from within the same population. Results: Univariate analysis showed that myopia and iris atrophy w…
COVID-19: opinions and behavior of Italian general population during the first epidemic phase
2022
Background and aim: On January 9, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that Chinese health authorities had identified a new coronavirus strain never before isolated in humans, the 2019-nCoV later redefined SARS-CoV-2, that still today represent a public health problem. The present survey started on 10 February 2020 with the aim of a) assessing the risk perception in healthcare workers and young students, following the evolution of attitudes, perception and knowledge over time, b) provide useful information to the general population during survey. Results: A study sample consisting of 4116 Italian in-dividuals of both sexes was enrolled. High levels of risk perception, low perc…
Maladie du huanglongbing
2019
Maladie du huanglongbing. Analyse du risque phytosanitaire pour l’Union européenne
Paysage et risque sanitaire - Le cas de l'echinococcose alvéolaire. Approche multiscalaire
2005
Echinococcus multilocularis is a parasite of public health importance causing the fatal zoonotic disease alveolar echinococcosis. The parasite's eggs are dispersed in the environment through the fox faeces. Epidemiological issues associated with the disease led to the monitoring of the endemic status in foxes in France and in Europe. Fox faeces collected in the field were tested for the presence of the parasite and assembled in a georeferenced database. GIS-assisted analysis investigated relationships between landscape characteristics and potential risk. Three scale levels were successively explored. In the french Doubs département located in a high endemicity area, binary logistic regressi…
Nasium : Sondage archéologique à Saint-Amand-sur-Ornain " Le Cul de Breuil "
2010
Ce rapport de fouille présente les résultats d'un sondage archéologique mené au cœur du site de Nasium, à l'interface entre l'oppidum celtique et l'agglomération antique. Le système de voirie qui relie ces deux , dans le prolongement d'une des portes principales de l'oppidum, a été ainsi révélé, associé à des structures à caractère funéraire ou rituel. La chronologie de ces vestiges, centrée sur les dernières décennies du Ier siècle avant J.-C., correspond à la période durant laquelle l'oppidum est abandonné au profit de la plaine alluviale de l'Ornain. Par ailleurs, la découverte de plusieurs centaines de clous de chaussure militaires et de céramiques d'origine italique pose la question du…
El papel desempeñado por los médicos, el gobierno y la OMS en la implementación de las encuestas serológicas sobre polio, sarampión y rubeola en Espa…
2020
Las encuestas serológicas, que adquirieron gran relevancia a mediados del siglo XX, siguen siendo herramienta clave para abordar las enfermedades infecciosas. El artículo, utilizando fuentes archivísticas e impresas de la OMS, prensa médica y general, analiza el papel de médicos y científicos, gobierno y la OMS en la implementación de los estudios serológicos para evaluar la situación de la poliomielitis, sarampión y rubeola en España y establecer un plan de actuación contra ellas. El trabajo muestra el protagonismo de Florencio Pérez Gallardo y su grupo de la Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, privilegiado por el régimen franquista para recibir el apoyo de los programas colaborativos de la OMS, …