Search results for "PID"

Survey of the distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Lazio region (Central Italy): a threat for the northward expansion of Tomato…

2018

Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is responsible for severe damage to horticultural and ornamental crops worldwide, mainly for its role as virus vector. In Italy, the B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) and Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) cryptic species are widespread in the Southern regions as well as in Sicily and Sardinia. During the last two decades, MED populations progressively increased, in those areas where intensive farming is applied. The recent introduction of the begomovirus Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) prompted extensive surveys of both vector and symptomatic plants. In 2016 and 2017, monitoring activities were carried out in Lazio region (Central Italy) where b…

Non-consumptive effects between predators depend on the foraging mode of intraguild prey.

2020

Predator non-consumptive effects (NCE) are a suite of phenotypic responses of prey to avoid predation that cascade down food webs and can have a stronger impact than predation itself. However, the role of NCE in intraguild interactions remains understudied. Thus, multi-species experiments based on species traits are needed to improve our understanding of the impact of NCE on community structure. We investigated NCE of ants on 17 spider species as intraguild prey (8 cursorial and 9 sedentary) to test the influence of spider hunting mode on the strength of NCE. Sedentary spiders select a habitat patch and wait for prey, whereas cursorial spiders roam around searching for prey. Because activel…

Stomatal deregulation in Plasmopara viticola-infected grapevine leaves.

2007

International audience; In grapevine, the penetration and sporulation of Plasmopara viticola occur via stomata, suggesting functional relationships between guard cells and the pathogen. This assumption was supported by our first observation that grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Marselan) cuttings infected by P. viticola wilted more rapidly than healthy ones when submitted to water starvation. • Here, complementary approaches measuring stomatal conductance and infrared thermographic and microscopic observations were used to investigate stomatal opening/closure in response to infection. • In infected leaves, stomata remained open in darkness and during water stress, leading to increased transpir…

The aquaculture supply chain in the time of covid-19 pandemic: Vulnerability, resilience, solutions and priorities at the global scale

2022

13 pages, 3 tables, 5 figures

Integrative taxonomy demonstrates the unexpected synonymy between two predatory mite species: Cydnodromus idaeus and C. picanus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2011

Contact: tixier@supagro.inra.fr; Species of the mite family Phytoseiidae are well known as predators of mite pests all over the world. Their identification is thus of great interest for biological control. The specimens examined in this study belong to the species Cydnodromus idaeus (described from Brazil) and C. picanus (described from Chile). They were collected together on the same plant in Argentina. These species are mainly differentiated by the presence/absence of the dorsal solenostomes (gland openings) gd2. Some morphometric differences were observed between the Argentinian specimens and the type material of C. idaeus and C. picanus; however, they were not sufficient to support a sp…

Vector activity of Hyalesthes obsoletus living on nettles and transmitting a stolbur phytoplasma to grapevines: a case study

2007

International audience; We report a case study on the vector activity of a Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) population living on nettle plants (Urtica dioica) and transmitting a stolbur phytoplasma (Sp) to grapevines (Vitis vinifera). The research was conducted in a site that included a vineyard bordered with a large fallow area where nettles were the predominant plant species together with sparse old grapevines. Nettles hosted a high population of H. obsoletus. By using transparent sticky traps to sample adults, we observed that the daily flight activity of males and females to grapevines in the fallow was unimodal peaking between 15 and 21 h in the day. Adults were unable of gre…

Arbuscular mycorrhiza and fungal root endophytes of weeds in an altitudinal gradient in the Pamir Alai Mountains of Central Asia

2014

Arbuscular mycorrhiza and fungal root endophytes of three weeds, Galium tricornutum, Lycopsis orientalis and Scandix pecten-veneris, were studied in an altitudinal gradient of the Pamir Alai Mountains. Colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was found in all species. Only in the case of G. tricornutum was there a rise in mycorrhizal parameters values found for the medium altitude range. Similar tendencies were observed in the case of the AMF colonisation potential assessment. This suggests that plant species' identity, dependency on symbiosis and interactions with soil properties determine root colonisation and the abundance of AMF in soils at the elevations in question. Four AMF…

2021

Social insects are hosts of diverse parasites, but the influence of these parasites on phenotypic host traits is not yet well understood. Here, we tracked the survival of tapeworm-infected ant workers, their uninfected nest-mates and of ants from unparasitized colonies. Our multi-year study on the ant Temnothorax nylanderi, the intermediate host of the tapeworm Anomotaenia brevis, revealed a prolonged lifespan of infected workers compared with their uninfected peers. Intriguingly, their survival over 3 years did not differ from those of (uninfected) queens, whose lifespan can reach two decades. By contrast, uninfected workers from parasitized colonies suffered from increased mortality comp…

Natural colorants improved the physicochemical and sensorial properties of frozen Brazilian sausage (linguiça) with reduced nitrite

2020

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:05:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162021000300902.pdf: 246305 bytes, checksum: 130e2a2703383287ec0721e788c1b83e (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The use of natural colorants in meat products can keep its coloring attractive as well as meet the demand from consumers interested in products that are healthier. Nitrite is added as a preservative to these products and it is also a precursor of the generation of a specifically desired color in meat products. However, its use has been associated with the dev…

Ergosterol elicits oxidative burst in tobacco cells via phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C signal pathway

2004

Ergosterol, a typical fungal sterol, induced in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) suspension cells the synthesis of reactive oxygen species and alkalization of the external medium that are dependent on the mobilization of calcium from internal stores. We used specific inhibitors to elucidate the signal pathway triggered by ergosterol compared with cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor of Phytophthora cryptogea. HerbimycinA and genistein, inhibitors of tyrosine protein kinases, had no effect on the oxidative burst and pH changes induced by bothelicitors.Similarly,H-89,aninhibitorofproteinkinaseA,hadnoeffectontheinductionofthesedefensereactions.However,theresponse to both elicitors was…