Search results for "PITCH"
showing 10 items of 122 documents
Absolute Memory for Tempo in Musicians and Non-Musicians
2016
The ability to remember tempo (the perceived frequency of musical pulse) without external references may be defined, by analogy with the notion of absolute pitch, as absolute tempo (AT). Anecdotal reports and sparse empirical evidence suggest that at least some individuals possess AT. However, to our knowledge, no systematic assessments of AT have been performed using laboratory tasks comparable to those assessing absolute pitch. In the present study, we operationalize AT as the ability to identify and reproduce tempo in the absence of rhythmic or melodic frames of reference and assess these abilities in musically trained and untrained participants. We asked 15 musicians and 15 non-musician…
Perception of musical tension in short chord sequences: The influence of harmonic function, sensory dissonance, horizontal motion, and musical traini…
1996
This study investigates the effect of four variables (tonal hierarchies, sensory chordal consonance, horizontal motion, and musical training) on perceived musical tension. Participants were asked to evaluate the tension created by a chord X in sequences of three chords {C major → X → C major} in a C major context key. The X chords could be major or minor triads major-minor seventh, or minor seventh chords built on the 12 notes of the chromatic scale. The data were compared with Krumhansl’s (1990) harmonic hierarchy and with predictions of Lerdahl’s (1988) cognitive theory, Hutchinson and Knopoff’s (1978) and Parncutt’s (1989) sensory-psychoacoustical theories, and the model of horizontal mo…
Cognitive flexibility modulates maturation and music-training-related changes in neural sound discrimination
2015
Previous research has demonstrated that musicians show superior neural sound discrimination when compared to non-musicians, and that these changes emerge with accumulation of training. Our aim was to investigate whether individual differences in executive functions predict training-related changes in neural sound discrimination. We measured event-related potentials induced by sound changes coupled with tests for executive functions in musically trained and non-trained children aged 9-11 years and 13-15 years. High performance in a set-shifting task, indexing cognitive flexibility, was linked to enhanced maturation of neural sound discrimination in both musically trained and non-trained chil…
Fast measurement of auditory event-related potential profiles in 2–3-year-olds
2012
Auditory discrimination, memory, and attention-related functions were investigated in healthy 2-3-year-olds by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) to changes in five auditory features and two types of novel sounds using the fast multifeature paradigm (MFP). ERP profiles consisting of the mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and prominent late discriminative negativities (LDN) were obtained, for the first time, from this age group in a considerably shorter time compared to the traditional paradigms. Statistically significant responses from individual children were obtained mainly for the novel sounds. Thus, the MFP shows promise as a time-efficient paradigm for investigating central auditor…
Event-related potentials to pitch and rise time change in children with reading disabilities and typically reading children.
2008
Abstract Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether children with reading disabilities (RD) process rise time and pitch changes differently to control children as a function of the interval between two tones. Methods Children participated in passive oddball event-related potential (ERP) measurements using paired stimuli. Mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a and late discriminative negativity (LDN) responses to rise time and pitch changes were examined. Results Control children produced larger responses than children with RD to pitch change in the P3a component but only when the sounds in the pair were close to each other. Compared to children with RD, MMN was smaller an…
Gas-liquid mass transfer rates in unbaffled tanks stirred by PBT: scale-up effects and pumping direction
2018
Abstract Unbaffled stirred tanks are increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to common baffled tanks for a range of applications such as biochemical, food or pharmaceutical processes where the presence of baffles is undesirable for some reason. In this work, the mass transfer performance of unbaffled stirred tanks with pitched blade turbine, operating either in up-pumping or down-pumping mode, was investigated. The influence of impeller size and liquid viscosity were also investigated. The mass transfer intensity was measured by means of the Simplified Dynamic Pressure. Method The measurements concerned both coalescent and non-coalescent (viscous) batches. Results confirm that incre…
Experiments and CFD Predictions of Solid Particle Distribution in a Vessel Agitated with Four Pitched Blade Turbines
2001
The distribution of solid particles in a high aspect-ratio baffled tank agitated with four 45° pitched blade turbines (PBT) was investigated using both experimental measurements and CFD simulations. Dilute suspensions of glass beads in water and moderately viscous liquids were considered. The measurement of axial particle concentration profiles was conducted by means of a light attenuation technique. Fully predictive simulations of solid-liquid suspensions were performed using a Sliding-Grid approach coupled with the Eulerian-Eulerian Two Fluid Model and the ‘homogeneous’ two-phase k-ɛ turbulence model. The simulated particle axial concentration profiles were compared with the experimental …
Wavelet-Based Optimal Control of a Wind Turbine System: A Computational Approach
2011
This paper deals with a computational optimization approach to the problem of state-feedback control design for a wind turbine system. The first step of the study is to develop a reduced order model for the system by considering the most important physical phenomena of aerodynamics and structural dynamics. Moreover, the behavior of the system can be influenced by the coupled dynamics between the tower motions and the blade pitch and turbine speed which can cause instabilities in the control loops in the worst case. By using a suitable wavelet funcation, called Haar functions, a recursive computational procedure is established for finding the system dynamics approximately by solving only alg…
Scenario of the Birth of Hidden Attractors in the Chua Circuit
2017
Recently it was shown that in the dynamical model of Chua circuit both the classical selfexcited and hidden chaotic attractors can be found. In this paper the dynamics of the Chua circuit is revisited. The scenario of the chaotic dynamics development and the birth of selfexcited and hidden attractors is studied. It is shown a pitchfork bifurcation in which a pair of symmetric attractors coexists and merges into one symmetric attractor through an attractormerging bifurcation and a splitting of a single attractor into two attractors. The scenario relating the subcritical Hopf bifurcation near equilibrium points and the birth of hidden attractors is discussed.
Melodic and contextual similarity of folk song phrases
2007
Various models of melodic similarity have been proposed and assessed in perceptual experiments. Contour and pitch content variables haven been favoured although music-theoretical and statistical variables have also been claimed to explain similarity ratings. A Re-analysis of earlier work by Rosner & Meyer (1986) suggests that simple contextual features can also be highly explanatory with more complex stimuli. A new experiment containing short melodic phrases investigated the effectiveness of several global and comparative variables. A multi-dimensional scaling solution indicated that both melodic direction and pitch range are highly relevant for making such similarity judgments and tha…