Search results for "PLASTICITY"

Context dependent variation in corticosterone and phenotypic divergence of Rana arvalis populations along an acidification gradient

2022

Background Physiological processes, as immediate responses to the environment, are important mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity and can influence evolution at ecological time scales. In stressful environments, physiological stress responses of individuals are initiated and integrated via the release of hormones, such as corticosterone (CORT). In vertebrates, CORT influences energy metabolism and resource allocation to multiple fitness traits (e.g. growth and morphology) and can be an important mediator of rapid adaptation to environmental stress, such as acidification. The moor frog, Rana arvalis, shows adaptive divergence in larval life-histories and predator defense traits along an acidi…

A MINIREVIEW ABOUT SPORTING PRACTICE IN EPILEPTIC CHILDREN

2017

Movement is important for neuropsycho-physical development, ensuring the correct growth and giving many benefits from childhood to adulthood. Motor activity plays a pivotal role in psychological, educational and social terms: sport practice induces harmonious physical development with common important benefits independently from sport type and each sport imposes rules respect that children learns to know and respect step by step improving the social skills and cognitive abilities. Sport has a very important role in the growth of children and adolescents. Sport and physical activity work as a moral laboratory to practice decision-making and problem-solving skills, as well as teamwork and coo…

El cuerpo materno en la red: entre el orden de lo ?deseable? y el de lo real

2019

El estilo de vida fitness se realiza en, y a través de, un entramado subjetivo y de poder en el que circulan y se ensamblan dispositivos empresariales, terapéuticos, sanitarios y de espectacularización de los cuerpos, tendientes a inscribir la vida de la población en las tramas conflictivas de un capitalismo heterosexista, neoliberal e informacional. En dicho marco, la temporalidad, metamorfosis y plasticidad del cuerpo materno irrumpe como problema y objeto de intervención de tecnologías diversas orientadas a ajustar su tamaño, forma y devenir a los parámetros de la vida activa y saludable. En escenarios digitales, dicha tensión se materializa, por un lado, a través de dispositivos visuale…

Distribution and Function of Gap Junction Coupling in Cortical GABAergic Neurons.

2013

Although gap junctions have been observed in GABAergic interneurons of several brain regions, this chapter focuses on the distribution and functions of gap junctions and connexins in inhibitory interneurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Evidence for interconnections mediated by electrical synapses is reported for at least eight cerebral cortex interneuron types, classified on the basis of morphology, electrophysiology and molecular markers. The main differences in the organization of these interneuronal networks are summarized in terms of homologous and heterologous electrical coupling and mutual chemical inhibition. The role of connexin36 (Cx36) in forming neuronal electrical syn…

Ageing via sexual perception is a by-product of male adaptive plasticity inDrosophila melanogaster

2021

ABSTRACTSensory perception of environmental cues can dramatically modulate ageing across distant taxa. For example, maleDrosophila melanogasterage faster if they perceive female cues but fail to mate (ageing via sexual perception). This finding has been a breakthrough for our understanding of the mechanisms of ageing, yet we ignore how and why such responses have evolved. Here, we usedD. melanogasterto ask whether ageing via sexual perception may be a by-product of plastic adaptive responses to female cues, and found that while long-term sexual perception leads to reproductive costs, short-term perception increases male lifetime reproductive success in a competitive environment. Simulations…

Multisensory perception of dietary faty-acids in Drosophila.

2012

International audience; Fatty-acids (FAs) are crucial for animal survival and reproduction. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the perception and preference of dietary FA is limited, particularly in invertebrates. We obtained behavioral data with wild-type Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults showing a clear preference to some of the FAs tested (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3). These data, based on tests involving both individuals and groups, showed that larvae prefer desaturated FAs whereas adults prefer saturated FAs. Moreover, we found that larval and adult responses relied on olfaction and taste modalities, and maybe also on mechanoperception [1]. We will…

2017

Prismatic adaption (PA) has been proposed as a tool to induce neural plasticity and is used to help neglect rehabilitation. It leads to a recalibration of visuomotor coordination during pointing as well as to aftereffects on a number of sensorimotor and attention tasks, but whether these effects originate at a motor or attentional level remains a matter of debate. Our aim was to further characterize PA aftereffects by using an approach that allows distinguishing between effects on attentional and motor processes. We recorded EEG in healthy human participants (9 females and 7 males) while performing a new double step, anticipatory attention/motor preparation paradigm before and after adaptat…

"Awake Surgery" of Slow-Growing Tumors and Cortical Excitability Measured by EEG Recordings. Preliminary Results

2012

International audience; To investigate interhemispheric imbalance following "awake surgeries" of slow-growing tumors we recorded EEG in a visuo-manual RT paradigm. Increase of cortical excitability within the ipsilesional hemisphere was signed by increased ERPs amplitude for two patients. The cortical excitability in the lesioned hemisphere may be increased to maintain performances and cerebral plasticity.

In vitro evolution of an atrazine-degrading population under cyanuric acid selection pressure: Evidence for the selective loss of a 47kb region on th…

2011

International audience; The adaptation of microorganisms to pesticide biodegradation relies on the recruitment of catabolic genes by horizontal gene transfer and homologous recombination mediated by insertion sequences (IS). This environment-friendly function is maintained in the degrading population but it has a cost which could diminish its fitness. The loss of genes in the course of evolution being a major mechanism of ecological specialization, we mimicked evolution in vitro by sub-culturing the atrazine-degrading Pseudomonas sp. ADP in a liquid medium containing cyanuric acid as the sole source of nitrogen. After 120 generations, a new population evolved, which replaced the original on…

The effect of plasticity in crumpling of thin sheets

2008

Bridging the gap between theoretical and experimental work to understand the effect of plasticity on the crumpling of thin sheets into a small volume has proved difficult. A realistic numerical model now makes a distinction between elastic and elasto-plastic behaviour. Crumpling a thin sheet of material into a small volume requires energy for creating a network of deformations such as vertices and ridges1,2. Scaling properties of a single elastic vertex3,4,5 or ridge have been analysed theoretically6,7,8, and crumpling of a sheet by numerical simulations1,9,10. Real materials are however elasto-plastic11,12,13,14,15 and large local strains induce irreversible plastic deformations. Hence, a …