Search results for "PLASTICITY"

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the right hemisphere improves auditory comprehension in a case of dementia.

2017

Background Noninvasive transcranial stimulation methods have been increasingly employed in order to improve cognitive performance in neurological patients. In previous studies with both stroke patients and healthy subjects, noninvasive stimulation of temporal-parietal regions and their homologue produced an improvement in linguistic tasks. Objective The aim of the current study was to evaluate if anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over Brodmann areas 39/40 (angular and supramarginal gyri) could promote the recovery of linguistic functions, in particular comprehension and naming, in a single patient affected by dementia. Methods Three preliminary explorative single session…

The histone acetyltransferase MOF activates hypothalamic polysialylation to prevent diet-induced obesity in mice

2014

Overfeeding causes rapid synaptic remodeling in hypothalamus feeding circuits. Polysialylation of cell surface molecules is a key step in this neuronal rewiring and allows normalization of food intake. Here we examined the role of hypothalamic polysialylation in the long-term maintenance of body weight, and deciphered the molecular sequence underlying its nutritional regulation. We found that upon high fat diet (HFD), reduced hypothalamic polysialylation exacerbated the diet-induced obese phenotype in mice. Upon HFD, the histone acetyltransferase MOF was rapidly recruited on the St8sia4 polysialyltransferase-encoding gene. Mof silencing in the mediobasal hypothalamus of adult mice prevented…

Commentary: Preliminary Evidence for Training-Induced Changes of Morphology and Phantom Limb Pain

2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a special prosthetic training in phantom limb pain patients aimed at increasing the functional use of the prosthesis leads to neural morphological plasticity of brain structures and a reduction in phantom limb pain. For chronic pain disorders, it was shown that morphological alterations due to pain might become at least partially reversed by pain therapies. Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain disorder that is frequently followed by neural plasticity of anatomical brain structures. In our study, 10 patients with amputation of the upper limb participated in a two-week training with a myoelectric prosthesis with somatosensory feedback. Grip stre…

P258 Combining tDCS with prismatic adaptation for non invasive neuromodulation of the motor cortex

2017

Introduction Prismatic adaptation (PA) shifts visual field laterally and induces lateralized deviations of spatial attention. Recently, it has been suggested that prismatic goggles are also able to modulate brain excitability ( Magnani, 2014 ), with cognitive after-effects documented even in tasks not necessarily spatial in nature ( Oliveri, 2013 ). Objectives The aim of the present study was to test whether prisms can modulate motor cortical excitability similarly as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) does; to test whether neuromodulatory effects obtained from tDCS and prismatic goggles could interact and induce homeostatic changes in brain excitability. Materials and me…

P 96. Prismatic lenses as a novel tool to directionally manipulate motor cortex excitability: Evidence from paired-pulse TMS

2013

Introduction Prismatic adaptation (PA) is a visuo-motor procedure requiring participants to adapt to prismatic lenses shifting the visual scene horizontally. Such an adaptation produces a phenomenon called “after-effect”, opposite to the side of lenses deviation. The after-effect has been frequently associated with a shift of spatial attention in the same direction and with a restoration of hemispatial neglect symptoms. PA has captured the interest of neuroscientists in the last decades, since it affects high-order spatial cognition even thought consisting of low-level visuo-motor processes. Objectives Despite a huge literature on this procedure, the basic neural processes related to PA and…

From different neurophysiological methods to conflicting pathophysiological views in migraine: a critical review of literature.

2014

Abnormal increased cortical responsivity to various types of stimuli plays a major role in migraine pathogenesis. Neurophysiological studies, however, have provided ambiguous findings of either hypo or hyper cortical excitability. This is why the term "dysexcitability" has been recently proposed to indicate a more general dysregulation of cortical excitability. The aims of this review are: (1) to provide existing knowledge and research advances in migraine pathophysiology; (2) to propose a unitary interpretation of apparently conflicting neurophysiological findings. Data of studies conducted in migraine through various evoked potentials techniques and non-invasive brain stimulation methods …

Importance des voies de recyclage de la méthionine dans le contrôle de la plasticité de la composition protéique des graines

2021

International audience; La production de protéines végétales en France et en Europe nécessite de fournir des outils d’aide à la sélection de variétés de légumineuses produisant des graines de meilleure valeur nutritionnelle possible. Bien que certains constituants réputés antinutritionnels aient été réduits dans les graines des variétés de légumineuses, la fraction protéique reste à améliorer et à stabiliser pour d’avantage d’équilibre en acides aminés. Cet enjeu nécessite d’identifier les gènes contrôlant la composition protéique des graines et sa plasticité vis-à-vis de l’environnement. Une approche de génétique d’association à l’échelle du génome (GWAS) appliquée à 200 écotypes de Medica…

Mechanisms of cortical plasticity in migraine patients.

2014

EFFECTS OF INDICAXANTHIN ON HUMAN MOTOR CORTICAL EXCITABILITY AND PLASTICITY

2021

The role of nutraceuticals has risen interest in the last decade for complex biological activities exerted on pathophysiological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory conditions and excitotoxicity. In this regard, the effects of nutraceuticals on basic functions of neuronal processes, such as cortical excitability and cortical plasticity are still to be unveiled. Translational studies performed on phytochemicals (PhC) with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties could trace the path for the possible modulation of neuronal excitability in humans, phenomena involved in neurodegenerative alterations and cell stress. In this context, Opuntia ficus indica is a mediterranean plant…

Neural Correlates of Age-Related Changes in Precise Grip Force Regulation: A Combined EEG-fNIRS Study

2020

Motor control is associated with suppression of oscillatory activity in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (12–30 Hz) ranges and elevation of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in motor-cortical areas. Aging leads to changes in oscillatory and hemodynamic brain activity and impairments in motor control. However, the relationship between age-related changes in motor control and brain activity is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate age-related and task-complexity-related changes in grip force control and the underlying oscillatory and hemodynamic activity. Sixteen younger [age (mean ± SD) = 25.4 ± 1.9, 20–30 years] and 16 older (age = 56.7 ± 4.7, 50–70 years) healthy men were…