Search results for "POPULATION"
showing 10 items of 9945 documents
Inter-individual differences in the susceptibility of primary human hepatocytes towards drug-induced cholestasis are compound and time dependent.
2018
Abstract Cholestasis represents a major subtype of drug-induced liver injury and novel preclinical models for its prediction are needed. Here we used primary human hepatocytes (PHH) from different donors in 2D-sandwich (2D-sw) and/or 3D-spheroid cultures to study inter-individual differences in the response towards cholestatic hepatotoxins after short-term (48–72 hours) and long-term repeated exposures (14 days). The cholestatic liabilities of drugs were determined by comparing cell viability upon exposure to the highest non-cytotoxic drug concentration in the presence and absence of a non-cytotoxic concentrated bile acid mixture. In 2D-sw culture, cyclosporine A and amiodarone presented cl…
Clinical Determinants of Thrombin Generation Measured in Presence and Absence of Platelets-Results from the Gutenberg Health Study.
2018
AbstractThe tendency of a plasma sample to generate thrombin, a central enzyme in blood coagulation, might be an important indicator of prothrombotic risk linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the presence of platelets may be a critical determinant. Clinical data, laboratory markers and thrombin generation (TG), investigated in both platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-free plasma (PFP) at 1 pM TF, were available in 407 individuals from the Gutenberg Health Study. Given the well-known effect of anticoagulants on TG, subjects taking anticoagulants (n = 15) have been excluded resulting in 392 subjects for further analysis. Lag time, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and peak height…
From mammals back to birds: Host-switch of the acanthocephalan Corynosoma australe from pinnipeds to the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus.
2017
Trophically-transmitted parasites are regularly exposed to potential new hosts through food web interactions. Successful colonization, or switching, to novel hosts, occur readily when ?donor? and ?target? hosts are phylogenetically related, whereas switching between distantly related hosts is rare and may result from stochastic factors (i.e. rare favourable mutations). This study investigates a host-switching event between a marine acanthocephalan specific to pinnipeds that is apparently able to reproduce in Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus from Brazil. Detailed analysis of morphological and morphometrical data from acanthocephalans from penguins indicates that they belong to Cor…
Concentrations of urinary arsenic species in relation to rice and seafood consumption among children living in Spain.
2017
Inorganic arsenic (i-As) has been related to wide-ranging health effects in children, leading to lifelong concerns. Proportionally, dietary i-As exposure dominates in regions with low arsenic drinking water. This study aims to investigate the relation between rice and seafood consumption and urinary arsenic species during childhood and to assess the proportion of urinary i-As metabolites. Urinary arsenic species concentration in 400 4-year-old children living in four geographical areas of Spain, in addition to repeated measures from 100 children at 7 years of age are included in this study. Rice and seafood products intake was collected from children's parents using a validated food frequen…
Biomarkers for vascular ageing in aorta tissues and blood samples.
2019
Abstract Objectives Functional and quantitative alterations and senescence of circulating and expanded endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), as well as systemic and tissue modifications of angiogenetic and inflammatory molecules, were evaluated for predicting age-related vessel wall remodeling, correlating them to intima media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery (CCA), a biomarker of early cardiovascular disease and aortic root dilation. Populations and methods A homogenous Caucasian population was included in the study, constituted by 160 healthy subjects (80 old subjects, mean age 72 ± 6.4, range 66–83 years; and 80 younger blood donors, mean age 26.2 ± 3.4, range 21–33 years), and…
Influenza like Illness among Medical Residents Anticipates Influenza Diffusion in General Population: Data from a National Survey among Italian Medic…
2016
The aim of this multicentre study was to assess incidence of influenza like illness (ILI) among Italian medical residents (MRs) during 2011±2012 influenza season, to detect variables associated with ILI and to compare estimated ILI incidence among MRs and general population. A cross-sectional survey was carried out throughout an anonymous questionnaire administered to all MRs attending the post-graduate medical schools of 18 Italian Universities. At the same time an analysis of the ILI incidence in the Italian general population was conducted through the Italian Influenza Surveillance Network. Of a total of 2,506 MRs, 1,191 (47.5%) reported at least one ILI episode. A higher proportion of I…
The Relation between Eating Habits and Abdominal Fat, Anthropometry, PON1 and IL-6 Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
2020
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of an inflammatory, demyelinating and autoimmune nature. Diets with a high caloric density could be especially relevant in terms of the pathogenesis related to an increase in adipose tissue that is metabolically active and releases mediators, which can induce systemic inflammation and an increased oxidation state. The aim of this study was to analyse the eating habits related to calorie intake and their impact on abdominal obesity associated with anthropometric variables, the activity of the oxidation marker paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levelsin MS patients. Methods: An analytical and quantitative o…
Impact of elosulfase alfa in patients with morquio A syndrome who have limited ambulation: An open-label, phase 2 study.
2017
Efficacy and safety of elosulfase alfa enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) were assessed in an open-label, phase 2, multi-national study in Morquio A patients aged ≥5 years unable to walk ≥30 meters in the 6-min walk test. Patients received elosulfase alfa 2.0 mg/kg/week intravenously for 48 weeks. Efficacy measures were functional dexterity, pinch/grip strength, mobility in a modified timed 25-foot walk, pain, quality of life, respiratory function, and urine keratan sulfate (KS). Safety/tolerability was also assessed. Fifteen patients received elosulfase alfa, three patients discontinued ERT due to adverse events (two were grade 3 drug-related adverse events, the other was not drug-related), …
Analysis of colon-infiltrating γδ T cells in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and in colitis-associated cancer
2019
Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a global health problem with a significant percentage of patients progressing to chronic inflammation and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Whether or not γδ T cells contribute to initiation and maintenance of inflammation in IBD and in the development of CAC is not known. We have evaluated the frequency, phenotype, and functions of γδ T cells among tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes in healthy donors and IBD and CAC patients. Results show that Vδ1 T cells are the dominant γδ T-cell population in healthy tissue, whereas Vδ2 T significantly abound in chronic IBD. Vδ2 T cells produce more IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 than Vδ1 T cells in chronic inflame…
Bovine piRNA-like RNAs are associated with both transposable elements and mRNAs.
2017
PIWI proteins and their associated piRNAs have been the focus of intensive research in the past decade; therefore, their participation in the maintenance of genomic integrity during spermatogenesis has been well established. Recent studies have suggested important roles for the PIWI/piRNA system outside of gametogenesis, based on the presence of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in several somatic tissues, cancers, and the early embryo. Here, we investigated the small RNA complement present in bovine gonads, gametes, and embryos through next-generation sequencing. A distinct piRNA population was present in the testis as expected. However, we also found a large population of slightly shorter, 24–27 n…