Search results for "POPULATION"
showing 10 items of 9945 documents
Exertional hematuria: definition, epidemiology, diagnostic and clinical considerations
2019
Abstract Exertional hematuria can be considered a subcategory of exercise-induced hematuria, characterized by painless appearance of erythrocytes in urine after recent physical exercise, not directly attributable to external traumatic injuries to the genitourinary system, and spontaneously resolving with rest. Although its frequency has enormous heterogeneity, depending on the athlete population, duration and intensity of exercise, technique used for identifying or quantifying hematuria and relative diagnostic thresholds, what clearly emerges from the scientific literature is that a certain degree of hematuria is commonplace after non-contact sports, especially running. This exertional hema…
A new tool for sepsis screening in the Emergency Department
2021
Abstract Objectives In this study, we developed and evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Sepsis Index for early sepsis screening in the Emergency Department (ED). Methods Sepsis Index is based on the combination of monocyte distribution width (MDW) and mean monocyte volume (MMV). Sepsis Index≥1 was selected to define sepsis. We tested its diagnostic accuracy in an ED population stratified in four groups: controls, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), infection, and sepsis, according to Sepsis-2 criteria. Results Patients with sepsis displayed higher median Sepsis Index value than patients without sepsis. At the receiver operating characterictis (ROC) curve analysis for the pr…
Identification of α2-adrenoceptors and non-adrenergic idazoxan binding sites in rabbit colon epithelial cells
1990
alpha 2-Adrenoceptors are possibly involved in the regulation of the hydroelectrolytic flux across the digestive mucosa. As no data are available concerning the existence of these receptors in colon epithelial cells, we aimed to investigate the existence of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in this tissue using tritiated antagonists. [3H]Yohimbine and [3H]rauwolscine were not usable to label colonic alpha 2-adrenoceptors because of their very high level of non-specific binding. In contrast, the methoxy derivative of idazoxan, [3H]RX821002, appeared a convenient radioligand for the purpose. [3H]RX821002 bound with high affinity (KD = 6.2 +/- 0.8 nM) to a single population of non-interacting sites (Bmax …
Cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer in France using a guaiac test versus an immunochemical test
2010
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the cost and the effectiveness of two biennial fecal occult blood screening tests for colorectal cancer: a guaiac nonrehydrated test (G-FOBT) and an immunochemical test (I-FOBT) with the absence of screening.Methods: A Markov model was developed to compare these strategies in a general population of subjects aged 50 to 74 over a 20-year period.Results: Compared with the absence of screening, G-FOBT and I-FOBT were associated with a decrease in colorectal cancer mortality of 17.4 percent and 25.2 percent, respectively. With regard to cost-effectiveness, expressed as cost per life-year gained, I-FOBT was the most effective and most costly alter…
Risk of digestive cancers in a cohort of 69 460 five-year survivors of childhood cancer in Europe: the PanCareSurFup study.
2021
BackgroundSurvivors of childhood cancer are at risk of subsequent primary neoplasms (SPNs), but the risk of developing specific digestive SPNs beyond age 40 years remains uncertain. We investigated risks of specific digestive SPNs within the largest available cohort worldwide.MethodsThe PanCareSurFup cohort includes 69 460 five-year survivors of childhood cancer from 12 countries in Europe. Risks of digestive SPNs were quantified using standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), absolute excess risks and cumulative incidence.Results427 digestive SPNs (214 colorectal, 62 liver, 48 stomach, 44 pancreas, 59 other) were diagnosed in 413 survivors. Wilms tumour (WT) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors…
Management of rectal cancer in France in a well-defined population.
2014
Objective The aim of this study was to draw a picture of diagnostic assessment and patterns of care for rectal cancer in France using population-based registries data. Methods The study included a random sample of 669 cases of rectal cancers diagnosed in 2005. Results Diagnostic assessment was performed by colonoscopy in 91.4% of the cases. An abdominal computed tomography was performed in 59.4% of the cases and chest computed tomography in 47.8%. An R0 resection was performed in 65.8% of cases and an R1/R2 resection in 16.1%. A rectal endosocography was performed in 40.4% and MRI in 10.4%. The sphincter was preserved in 73.6% of patients aged younger than 75 years of age and in 62.5% of th…
Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Socie…
2020
This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology following peer review. The version of record Piepoli, M.F., Abreu, A., Albus, C., Ambrosetti, M., Brotons, C., Catapano, A.L. ... Tiberi, M. (2020). Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology*. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (EJPC), 27(2), 181-205 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319893035. European guidelines on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice were first published in 1994 and have been regu…
Artificial intelligence: the unstoppable revolution in ophthalmology.
2020
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an unstoppable force that is starting to permeate all aspects of our society as part of the revolution being brought into our lives (and into medicine) by the digital era, and accelerated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. As the population ages and developing countries move forward, AI-based systems may be a key asset in streamlining the screening, staging, and treatment planning of sight-threatening eye conditions, offloading the most tedious tasks from the experts, allowing for a greater population coverage, and bringing the best possible care to every patient. This paper presents a review of the state of the art of AI in the field of ophthalmology, focusin…
Epidemiological Measures in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
2020
BACKGROUND: The various epidemiological indicators used to communicate the impact of COVID-19 have different strengths and limitations. METHODS: We conducted a selective literature review to identify the indicators used and to derive appropriate definitions. We calculated crude and age-adjusted indicators for selected countries. RESULTS: The proportion of deaths (case fatality proportion [CFP]; number of deaths/total number of cases) is commonly used to estimate the severity of a disease. If the CFP is used for purposes of comparison, the existence of heterogeneity in the detection and registration of cases and deaths has to be taken into account. In the early phase of an epidemic, when cas…
Handgrip Strength Cannot Be Assumed a Proxy for Overall Muscle Strength
2018
OBJECTIVES: Dynapenia, low muscle strength, is predictive for negative health outcomes and is usually expressed as handgrip strength (HGS). Whether HGS can be a proxy for overall muscle strength and whether this depends on age and health status is controversial. This study assessed the agreement between HGS and knee extension strength (KES) in populations differing in age and health status.DESIGN: Data were retrieved from 5 cohorts.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Community, geriatric outpatient clinics, and a hospital. Five cohorts (960 individuals, 49.8% male) encompassing healthy young and older individuals, geriatric outpatients, and older individuals post hip fracture were included.MEASURES: …