Search results for "PPAR"

showing 10 items of 1686 documents

Gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease are strongly associated with non-allergic nasal disorders

2021

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been reported to be significantly associated with chronic rhinosinusitis, but the strength of the association is still debated.AimsTo evaluate the strength of the association between gastritis/GERD and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR)/allergic rhinitis (AR)/sinusitis.MethodsWe investigated 2887 subjects aged 20–84 years, who underwent a clinical visit in seven Italian centres (Ancona, Palermo, Pavia, Terni, Sassari, Torino, Verona) within the study on Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases, a population-based multicase-control study between 2008 and 2014. Subjects were asked if they had doctor-diagnosed “gastritis or sto…

MaleNon-allergic rhinitisGastroesophageal reflux diseaseGastroenterologyAllergic rhinitis0302 clinical medicinePrevalenceNon-allergic rhiniti030223 otorhinolaryngologySinusitisRhinitisAged 80 and overeducation.field_of_studyMiddle AgedGastrititItalyGastritisGastroesophageal RefluxFemalePublic HealthGastritismedicine.symptomResearch ArticleAdultPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyPopulationGastrititsSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioNOHiatal herniaGastritits Gastroesophageal refux disease Allergic rhinitis Non-allergic rhinitis SinusitisYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesAllergic rhinitis; Gastritits; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Non-allergic rhinitis; SinusitisInternal medicineAllergic rhinitimedicineHumansGastroesophageal refux diseaseSinusitiseducationAgedlcsh:RC705-779business.industrylcsh:Diseases of the respiratory systemmedicine.diseaseRhinitis AllergicSinusitidigestive system diseases030228 respiratory systemRelative riskChronic DiseaseGERDAllergic rhinitis; Gastritits; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Non-allergic rhinitis; Sinusitis Public HealthNon-allergic rhinitisbusinessEsophagitis
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Early and mid-term effects of obstructive apneas in myocardial injury and inflammation.

2011

Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular disorders, but the different comorbidities in OSA patients make it difficult to know their specific effects on the development of cardiovascular injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether recurrent obstructive apneas could lead to myocardial injury. Methods Thirty-six male Sprague–Dawley rats (300–350 g) were either acutely (3 h) or sustainably (5 h/day, for 10 days) subjected to obstructive apneas with a pattern of 15 s each, 60 apneas/h. Corresponding control groups were formed for the acute and sustained models. To assess the induction of systemic inflammation, IL1-β was measured in p…

MaleObstructive sleep apnea Myocardial injury Inflammation Animal modelsmedicine.medical_specialtyPathologyHeart diseaseHeart DiseasesInterleukin-1betaInflammationApoptosisSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioSystemic inflammationRats Sprague-DawleyInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsInflammationSleep Apnea Obstructivebusiness.industryMyocardiumSleep apneaGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseRatsObstructive sleep apneaDisease Models AnimalApoptosisInitial phaseAcute DiseaseCardiologyDisease ProgressionCardiovascular Injurymedicine.symptombusinessSleep medicine
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Mepolizumab effectiveness on small airway obstruction, corticosteroid sparing and maintenance therapy step-down in real life

2020

Background: Mepolizumab (MEP) has been recently introduced to treat severe eosinophilic asthma. Trials have demonstrated a significant effectiveness in this asthma phenotype. We evaluated MEP efficacy on lung function, symptoms, asthma exacerbations, biologic markers, steroid dependence and controller treatment level in real-life. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 134 severe asthmatics (61 males; mean age 58.3 ± 11; mean FEV1%:72 ± 21), treated with MEP for at least 6 months (mean duration:10.9 ± 3.7 months). Results: FEV1% improved significantly after MEP. Mean FEF25-75 also increased from 37.4 ± 25.4% to 47.2 ± 27.2% (p < 0.0001). Mean baseline blood eosinophil level was 712 ± 731/μ…

MaleOmalizumabFEF(25-75)step-down0302 clinical medicineMaintenance therapyAdrenal Cortex HormonesSettore MED/10Pharmacology (medical)Anti-Asthmatic Agents030212 general & internal medicinesmall airwaysAsthma exacerbationsmepolizumabMiddle AgedAnesthesiaFEF25-75CorticosteroidDrug Therapy CombinationFemalemedicine.drugPulmonary and Respiratory Medicinesevere asthmamedicine.drug_classMepolizumab Severe asthma Real-life Small airways FEF25-75 Oral corticosteroids Step-down EffectiveneseffectivenessSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratoriooral corticosteroidsAntibodies Monoclonal HumanizedNO03 medical and health sciencesEffectiveness FEF 25-75 Mepolizumab Oral corticosteroids Real-life Severe asthma Small airways Step-downmedicineHumansIn real lifeFEFreal-lifeAgedRetrospective StudiesBiologic markerbusiness.industryEffectivenesBiochemistry (medical)Effectiveness; FEF; 25-75; Mepolizumab; Oral corticosteroids; Real-life; Severe asthma; Small airways; Step-downAirway obstructionmedicine.diseaseAsthmaBlood Cell Countrespiratory tract diseasesAirway ObstructionEosinophils030228 respiratory systemeffectiveness; FEF(25-75); mepolizumab; oral corticosteroids; real-life; severe asthma; small airways; step-down25-75businessMepolizumab
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Studies on vinblastine-induced autophagocytosis in mouse liver

1980

The origin of the membranes of autophagic vacuoles (AV) and acquisition of acid phosphatase into AV's were studied in vinblastine-induced autophagocytosis (VBL, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) in mouse hepatocytes. Using unbuffered OsO4, very intense staining was observed in the outer cisternae of the Golgi apparatus and also frequently in the cavity between the double membranes obviously destined to form AV's as well as in the cavity between the double membranes of newly formed AV's. There may occur a transformation process in the membranes limiting an AV analogous to that observed at the Golgi cisternae. The transformation of the outer AV membrane occurs independently of fusion with lysosomes. Inosine di…

MaleOsmium TetroxideAcid PhosphataseVacuoleVinblastineMicesymbols.namesakeAutophagyAnimalsbiologyHistocytochemistryEndoplasmic reticulumAcid phosphataseIntracellular MembranesGeneral MedicineGolgi apparatusCisternaPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesAcid Anhydride HydrolasesCell biologyMicroscopy ElectronMembraneLiverBiochemistryVacuolesbiology.proteinGolgi cisternaCytochemistrysymbolsAnatomyLysosomesGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesHistochemistry
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Dehydroepiandrosterone up-regulates the Adrenoleukodystrophy-related gene (ABCD2) independently of PPAR alpha in rodents

2007

International audience; X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal ABC transporter, ALDP, supposed to participate in the transport of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA). The adrenoleukodystrophyrelated protein (ALDRP), which is encoded by the ABCD2 gene, is the closest homolog of ALDP and is considered as a potential therapeutic target since functional redundancy has been demonstrated between the two proteins. Pharmacological induction of Abcd2 by fibrates through the activation of PPARa has been demonstrated in rodent liver. DHEA, the most abundant steroid in human, is described as a PPARa activat…

MalePEROXISOMEProhormonePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptorATP-binding cassette transporterBiochemistryMice0302 clinical medicineABC TRANSPORTERSPPAR-ALPHAAdrenal GlandsTestisDHEACells Culturedchemistry.chemical_classification0303 health sciencesSex CharacteristicsbiologyBrainGeneral MedicineOrgan SizePeroxisome3. Good healthUp-RegulationLiverAdrenoleukodystrophyFemalemedicine.drugAndrostenediolmedicine.medical_specialtyADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHYATP Binding Cassette Transporter Subfamily D03 medical and health sciencesABCD3Internal medicinemedicineABCD2AnimalsPPAR alpha[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular BiologyRats Wistar030304 developmental biologyActivator (genetics)Body Weightnutritional and metabolic diseasesMembrane ProteinsDehydroepiandrosteronemedicine.diseaseRatsMice Inbred C57BLEndocrinologychemistrybiology.proteinHepatocytesATP-Binding Cassette TransportersAcyl-CoA Oxidase030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Marshall's vein persistence: A rare and occasional finding during pacemaker implantation

2012

In adults the oblique vein of Marshall is usually absent or very thin, and it is hard to be found. In this case report we describe a case of persistence observed during pacemaker implantation.

MalePacemaker ArtificialVena Cava SuperiorSettore MED/09 - Medicina InternaHumansPhlebographyMiddle AgedAtrioventricular BlockSettore MED/11 - Malattie Dell'Apparato CardiovascolareMARSHALL’S VEIN PERSISTENCE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION
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Differential distribution of inflammatory cells in large and small airways in smokers

2007

BACKGROUND: Smoking induces structural changes in the airways, and is considered a major factor in the development of airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, differences in inflammatory cell distribution between large airways (LA) and small airways (SA) have not been systematically explored in smokers. Hypothesis: The content of cells infiltrating the airway wall differs between LA and SA. AIMS: To compare the content of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells infiltrating LA and SA in smokers who underwent surgery for lung cancer. METHODS: Lung tissue from 15 smokers was analysed. Inflammatory cells in the lamina propria were identified by immuno…

MalePathologymedicine.medical_specialtyLung NeoplasmsNeutrophilsCOPD inflammationCell CountInflammationRespiratory MucosaSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioLung injuryPathology and Forensic MedicineSmokeHumansMedicineLymphocytesMast CellsRespiratory systemLung cancerLungPhagocytesLamina propriaLungbusiness.industryMacrophagesSmokingGeneral MedicineMiddle Agedrespiratory systemmedicine.diseaseImmunohistochemistryrespiratory tract diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologyImmunohistochemistryOriginal ArticleFemalemedicine.symptombusinessRespiratory tractJournal of Clinical Pathology
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Mathematical models for the diffusion magnetic resonance signal abnormality in patients with prion diseases

2014

In clinical practice signal hyperintensity in the cortex and/or in the striatum on magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) is a marker of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease (sCJD). MR diagnostic accuracy is greater than 90%, but the biophysical mechanisms underpinning the signal abnormality are unknown. The aim of this prospective study is to combine an advanced DWI protocol with new mathematical models of the microstructural changes occurring in prion disease patients to investigate the cause of MR signal alterations. This underpins the later development of more sensitive and specific image-based biomarkers. DWI data with a wide a range of echo times and diffusion weightin…

MalePathologysCJD sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob diseaseROI region of interestPrion diseasePrPSc prion protein scrapieElectroencephalographyFOV field of viewlcsh:RC346-429Prion DiseasesADC apparent diffusion coefficientTI inversion timeRPE rapidly progressive encephalopathyAged 80 and overTE echo timeBrain Mappingmedicine.diagnostic_testBrainRegular ArticleMiddle AgedBIC Bayesian information criterionTR repetition timemedicine.anatomical_structureNeurologylcsh:R858-859.7FemaleMPRAGE magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echoAbnormalitySS-SE single shot spin-echoAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyCognitive NeuroscienceCreutzfeldt–Jakob diseaseCNR contrast to noise ratioEPI echo-planar imagingNeuropathologyPrPC prion protein cellularGrey matterSpongiform degenerationlcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informaticsEEG electroencephalogramDiffusion MRINeuroimagingImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedmedicineHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imaginglcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemAgedCJD Creutzfeldt–Jakob diseaseGSS Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndromebusiness.industryDWI diffusion weighted imagingDiffusion MRI; Biophysical models; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; Prion disease; Spongiform degenerationMagnetic resonance imagingModels TheoreticalHyperintensityCreutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingNeurology (clinical)businessBiophysical modelsDiffusion MRINeuroImage: Clinical
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How to unveil chronic respiratory diseases in clinical practice? A model of alliance between general practitioners and pulmonologists

2017

Abstract Introduction Asthma and COPD are under-diagnosed and undertreated in adult populations, mainly due to the discrepancy between guideline recommendations and clinicians' practices. One of the reasons of this discrepancy is the difficulty encountered in real life in sharing the management of chronic respiratory diseases between general practitioners (GPs) and respiratory physicians. Methods An explorative, population-based investigation was performed to test whether, and to what extent, an active collaboration between GPs and pulmonologists increases the diagnosis and proper treatment of chronic obstructive airway diseases. The "COPD action" involved an in-house intervention by pulmon…

MalePediatricsChronic bronchitisRespiratory Tract DiseasesPilot ProjectsPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive0302 clinical medicinePharmacology (medical)030212 general & internal medicineCooperative BehaviorRespiratory Tract DiseasePulmonologistseducation.field_of_studyCOPDmedicine.diagnostic_testMiddle AgedBronchitis ChronicPulmonologistsFemaleDiagnosiHumanAdultPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineSpirometrymedicine.medical_specialtyInterprofessional RelationsPopulationInterprofessional RelationReproducibility of ResultSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioGeneral practitioner03 medical and health sciencesGeneral PractitionersmedicineCOPDHumansPilot ProjecteducationPulmonologistAgedAsthmaPrimary Health Carebusiness.industryBiochemistry (medical)Reproducibility of ResultsGuidelineAirway obstructionmedicine.diseaseAsthmaInhaled treatment030228 respiratory systemSpirometryChronic DiseaseEmergency medicinebusinessPulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
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Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010

2012

The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2…

MalePediatricsCross-sectional study95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthmaAbstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990stemporal trendsSurveys and QuestionnairesEpidemiologySurveys and QuestionnaireMedicineasthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in ItalyYoung adultrespectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%education.field_of_studyAllergic rhinitis; Asthma; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Temporal trends; Wheezing;medicine.diagnostic_testSmokingthe median prevalence of current asthmaallergic rhinitis asthma epidemiology prevalence temporal trends wheezingItalyAbstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010; n=10494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010 the median prevalence of current asthma wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6% from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8% respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010 mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs asthma prevalence has increased by 38% in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis.mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrssymbolsasthma prevalence has increased by 38%FemaleepidemiologyHumanPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAdult494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitismedicine.medical_specialtyRhinitis Allergic PerennialPopulationprevalencethe Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio031)and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medicasymbols.namesakeYoung AdultAllergic rhinitiHumansRespiratory soundsPoisson regressioneducationAsthmaRespiratory SoundsCross-Sectional Studieallergic rhinitisbusiness.industrywheezingwheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%Rhinitis Allergic Seasonalasthmain the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993medicine.disease873)Cross-Sectional Studiesn=10Relative riskTemporal trendRespiratory Soundn=6n=18business
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