Search results for "PRINCIPLE"

showing 10 items of 1023 documents

The Consequentialism of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights : Towards the Fulfilment of ‘Do No Harm’

2019

In this paper I demonstrate that the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) leans heavily on consequentialism to inform the corporate responsibility to respect to human rights. Through the conception of ‘human rights impacts’, the UNGPs adopt a standard of human rights-based negative act consequentialism, capturing any business act that has the outcome of ‘removing or reducing’ an individual’s enjoyment of human rights. Such a lens is necessary because deontological human rights rules inadequately capture the full scope of global business harm to human rights. Consequentialist responsibility offers a much wider scope, of particular use around systemic, macro-level, harm,…

UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rightsconsequentialismcorporate powerbusiness and human rightsdo no harm
researchProduct

Article 49 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union on the principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and pena…

2022

In this publication, I talk you about article 49 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union on the principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties

UNESCO::CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y DERECHO::Derecho internacionalcharter of fundamental rightsprinciples of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penaltieseuropean union
researchProduct

Strain gradient plasticity, strengthening effects and plastic limit analysis

2010

Abstract Within the framework of isotropic strain gradient plasticity, a rate-independent constitutive model exhibiting size dependent hardening is formulated and discussed with particular concern to its strengthening behavior. The latter is modelled as a (fictitious) isotropic hardening featured by a potential which is a positively degree-one homogeneous function of the effective plastic strain and its gradient. This potential leads to a strengthening law in which the strengthening stress, i.e. the increase of the plastically undeformed material initial yield stress, is related to the effective plastic strain through a second order PDE and related higher order boundary conditions. The plas…

Ultimate loadStrengthening effectsApplied MathematicsMechanical EngineeringConstitutive equationMechanicsStrain ratePlasticityStrain hardening exponentCondensed Matter PhysicsGradient plasticityClassical limitPlastic limit analysisNonlocal continuum thermodynamicsClassical mechanicsMaximum principleMaterials Science(all)Mechanics of MaterialsModelling and SimulationModeling and SimulationHardening (metallurgy)General Materials ScienceMathematicsInternational Journal of Solids and Structures
researchProduct

Observer-Based Stabilization of Stochastic Systems with Limited Communication

2012

Published version of an article in the journal: Mathematical Problems in Engineering. Also available from Hindawi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/781542 Open Access This paper studies the problem of observer-based stabilization of stochastic nonlinear systems with limited communication. A communication channel exists between the output of the plant and the input of the dynamic controller, which is considered network-induced delays, data packet dropouts, and measurement quantization. A new stability criterion is derived for the stochastic nonlinear system by using the Lyapunov functional approach. Based on this, the design procedure of observer-based controller is presented,which ensures asy…

VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Mathematics: 410::Applied mathematics: 413Mathematical optimizationObserver (quantum physics)Article SubjectComputer scienceStability criterionGeneral Mathematicslimited communicationSeparation principleExponential stabilityControl theorydesign proceduredynamic controllerNetwork packetlcsh:MathematicsQuantization (signal processing)VDP::Technology: 500::Mechanical engineering: 570General EngineeringIllustrative examplesObserver (special relativity)lcsh:QA1-939Lyapunov functionalsdesign techniqueNonlinear systemlcsh:TA1-2040data packet dropoutlcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)Mathematical Problems in Engineering
researchProduct

Macro-elements in the mixed boundary value problems

2000

The symmetric Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM), applied to elastostatic problems, is employed in defining a model with BE macro-elements. The model is governed by symmetric operators and it is characterized by a small number of independent variables upon the interface between the macro-elements.

VariablesApplied MathematicsMechanical EngineeringNumerical analysismedia_common.quotation_subjectMathematical analysisComputational MechanicsOcean EngineeringComputational MathematicsComputational Theory and MathematicsVariational principleCalculus of variationsBoundary value problemMacroGalerkin methodBoundary element methodMathematicsmedia_commonComputational Mechanics
researchProduct

Nonlinear elliptic equations with asymmetric asymptotic behavior at $pminfty$

2016

We consider a nonlinear, nonhomogeneous Dirichlet problem with reaction which is asymptotically superlinear at $+infty$ and sublinear at $-infty$. Using minimax methods together with suitable truncation techniques and Morse theory, we show that the problem has at least three nontrivial solutions one of which is negative.

Variational methodsNonlinear maximum principleResonanceAsymmetric reactionCritical groupNonlinear regularity
researchProduct

A second strain gradient elasticity theory with second velocity gradient inertia – Part I: Constitutive equations and quasi-static behavior

2013

Abstract A multi-cell homogenization procedure with four geometrically different groups of cell elements (respectively for the bulk, the boundary surface, the edge lines and the corner points of a body) is envisioned, which is able not only to extract the effective constitutive properties of a material, but also to assess the “surface effects” produced by the boundary surface on the near bulk material. Applied to an unbounded material in combination with the thermodynamics energy balance principles, this procedure leads to an equivalent continuum constitutively characterized by (ordinary, double and triple) generalized stresses and momenta. Also, applying this procedure to a (finite) body s…

Velocity gradientApplied MathematicsMechanical Engineeringmedia_common.quotation_subjectMathematical analysisConstitutive equationCauchy distributionContinuum thermodynamicsCondensed Matter PhysicsInertiaHomogenization (chemistry)Gradient elasticityDouble and triple stressesBoundary layerMinimum total potential energy principleMaterials Science(all)Surface effectsMechanics of MaterialsModelling and SimulationModeling and SimulationGeneral Materials ScienceQuasistatic processMathematicsmedia_commonInternational Journal of Solids and Structures
researchProduct

Color superposition: a new modality for contrast echocardiography.

1987

To improve the estimation of endocardial borders in echocardiography, a technique has been developed to combine images from contrasted and noncontrasted echocardiograms of the same heart-phase using a color superposition mode. This method allows both experienced as well as less experienced examiners to define the endocardial borders more reproducibly and objectively. This is achieved by displaying tissue structures as gray level images while the ventricular cavity is marked selectively by the color display of the contrast material zone. Results of volume estimations of the left ventricle by different examiners using several imaging modes including color superposition display are presented.

Ventricular cavityHeart Diseasesmedia_common.quotation_subjectCardiac VolumeColorSuperposition principleOpticsImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedContrast (vision)MedicineHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingComputer visionCardiac imagingmedia_commonModality (human–computer interaction)business.industryComputersGray levelEchocardiographyContrast echocardiographyMinicomputersArtificial intelligenceSuperposition methodCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessInternational journal of cardiac imaging
researchProduct

VoIP end-to-end performance in HSPA with packet age aided HSDPA scheduling

2008

In this paper, we present an enhanced VoIP scheduling for the high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) in UMTS, which takes the age of the VoIP packet into account. The downlink capacity can be significantly improved by this way, especially for shorter uplink transmission delay. In order to quantify the achievable performance improvement, we present results obtained from extensive system-level uplink and downlink simulations. Inter alia, it is shown that using the proposed scheme can lead to an increase in the downlink cell capacity of up to 16%. By applying the proposed method, the downlink performance can be improved considerably while the uplink performance remains the same, which ensur…

Voice over IPComputingMethodologies_SIMULATIONANDMODELINGComputer sciencebusiness.industryCode division multiple accessNetwork packetComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKSReal-time computingHigh-Speed Downlink Packet Accessscheduling performance analysisData_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORYScheduling (computing)Channel capacityEnd-to-end principleHSPATelecommunications linkbusinessUMTS frequency bandsComputer network2008 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
researchProduct

Observational constraints on inhomogeneous cosmological models without dark energy

2011

It has been proposed that the observed dark energy can be explained away by the effect of large-scale nonlinear inhomogeneities. In the present paper we discuss how observations constrain cosmological models featuring large voids. We start by considering Copernican models, in which the observer is not occupying a special position and homogeneity is preserved on a very large scale. We show how these models, at least in their current realizations, are constrained to give small, but perhaps not negligible in certain contexts, corrections to the cosmological observables. We then examine non-Copernican models, in which the observer is close to the center of a very large void. These models can gi…

Void (astronomy)Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)FOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics01 natural sciencesGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmologysymbols.namesakeTheoretical physics0103 physical sciencesHomogeneity (physics)98.62.Sb010303 astronomy & astrophysicsPhysics010308 nuclear & particles physics98.80.EsObservable95.36.+xCopernican principleNonlinear systemDark energysymbols[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc]98.65.DxAstrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic AstrophysicsSpecial position
researchProduct