Search results for "PROBABILITIES"

The Raising Factor, That Great Unknown. A Guided Activity for Undergraduate Students

2020

In the first years of their economics degree programs, students will face many problems successfully dealing with a range of subjects with quantitative content. Specifically, in the field of statistics, difficulties to reach some basic academic achievements have been observed. Hence, a continuing challenge for statistics teachers is how to make this subject more appealing for students through the design and implementation of new teaching methodologies. The latter tend to follow two main approaches. On the one hand, it is useful for the learning process to propose practical activities that can connect theoretical concepts with real applications in the economic context. On the other hand, we …

Wardowski conditions to the coincidence problem

2015

In this article we first discuss the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the coincidence problem: Find p ∈ X such that Tp = Sp, where X is a nonempty set, Y is a complete metric space, and T, S:X → Y are two mappings satisfying a Wardowski type condition of contractivity. Later on, we will state the convergence of the Picard-Juncgk iteration process to the above coincidence problem as well as a rate of convergence for this iteration scheme. Finally, we shall apply our results to study the existence and uniqueness of a solution as well as the convergence of the Picard-Juncgk iteration process toward the solution of a second order differential equation. Ministerio de Economía y Competi…

On decoupling in Banach spaces

2021

AbstractWe consider decoupling inequalities for random variables taking values in a Banach space X. We restrict the class of distributions that appear as conditional distributions while decoupling and show that each adapted process can be approximated by a Haar-type expansion in which only the pre-specified conditional distributions appear. Moreover, we show that in our framework a progressive enlargement of the underlying filtration does not affect the decoupling properties (in particular, it does not affect the constants involved). As a special case, we deal with one-sided moment inequalities for decoupled dyadic (i.e., Paley–Walsh) martingales and show that Burkholder–Davis–Gundy-type in…

Structural analyses in the study of behavior : From rodents to non-human primates

2022

Ajuts: J-BL's research was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, Discovery Grant #: 2015-06034 to J-BL). MC, SA, and GC's research was funded by a grant from the University of Palermo, Italy. The term " structure " indicates a set of components that, in relation to each other, shape an organic complex. Such a complex takes on essential connotations of functionally unitary entity resulting from the mutual relationships of its constituent elements. In a broader sense, we can use the word " structure " to define the set of relationships among the elements of an emergent system that is not determined by the mere algebraic sum of these elements, but by the…

Assessment of qualitative judgements for conditional events in expert systems

1991

Some results on generalized coherence of conditional probability bounds

2003

Based on the coherence principle of de Finetti and a related notion of generalized coherence (g-coherence), we adopt a probabilistic approach to uncertainty based on conditional probability bounds. Our notion of g-coherence is equivalent to the 'avoiding uniform loss' property for lower and upper probabilities (a la Walley). Moreover, given a g-coherent imprecise assessment by our algorithms we can correct it obtaining the associated coherent assessment (in the sense of Walley and Williams). As is well known, the problems of checking g-coherence and propagating tight g-coherent intervals are NP and FP^NP complete, respectively, and thus NP-hard. Two notions which may be helpful to reduce co…

A Time-Non-Homogeneous Double-Ended Queue with Failures and Repairs and Its Continuous Approximation

2018

We consider a time-non-homogeneous double-ended queue subject to catastrophes and repairs. The catastrophes occur according to a non-homogeneous Poisson process and lead the system into a state of failure. Instantaneously, the system is put under repair, such that repair time is governed by a time-varying intensity function. We analyze the transient and the asymptotic behavior of the queueing system. Moreover, we derive a heavy-traffic approximation that allows approximating the state of the systems by a time-non-homogeneous Wiener process subject to jumps to a spurious state (due to catastrophes) and random returns to the zero state (due to repairs). Special attention is devoted to the cas…

Improving Estimates Accuracy of Voter Transitions. Two New Algorithms for Ecological Inference Based on Linear Programming

2022

The estimation of RxC ecological inference contingency tables from aggregate data is one of the most salient and challenging problems in the field of quantitative social sciences, with major solutions proposed from both the ecological regression and the mathematical programming frameworks. In recent decades, there has been a drive to find solutions stemming from the former, with the latter being less active. From the mathematical programming framework, this paper suggests a new direction for tackling this problem. For the first time in the literature, a procedure based on linear programming is proposed to attain estimates of local contingency tables. Based on this and the homogeneity hypot…

Regularity for nonlinear stochastic games

2015

We establish regularity for functions satisfying a dynamic programming equation, which may arise for example from stochastic games or discretization schemes. Our results can also be utilized in obtaining regularity and existence results for the corresponding partial differential equations. peerReviewed