Search results for "PRODUCTIVITY"
showing 10 items of 618 documents
Nutrient impoverishment and limitation of productivity after 20 years of conservation management in wet grasslands of north-western Germany
2009
Abstract European wet grasslands are characterized by high diversity of plant and animal species but are threatened by intensive land use. Although preservation or restoration of species-rich wet grasslands requires low nutrient availability that could be achieved by long-term management, studies monitoring nutrient removal are lacking. Our objective was to assess the long-term effect of management (mowing twice a year without or with PK fertilization for 20 years) on (i) productivity and nutrient removal with the harvest, (ii) the type of nutrient limitation, and (iii) plant species richness in wet grasslands in north-western Germany considering the differences between organic and mineral …
Growth impacts in a changing ocean: insights from two coral reef fishes in an extreme environment
2020
AbstractDetermining the life history consequences for fishes living in extreme and variable environments will be vital in predicting the likely impacts of ongoing climate change on reef fish demography. Here, we compare size-at-age and maximum body size of two common reef fish species (Lutjanus ehrenbergiiandPomacanthus maculosus) between the environmentally extreme Arabian/Persian Gulf (‘Arabian Gulf’) and adjacent comparably benign Oman Sea. Additionally, we use otolith increment width profiles to investigate the influence of temperature, salinity and productivity on the individual growth rates. Individuals of both species showed smaller size-at-age and lower maximum size in the Arabian G…
The role of ICT and high-growth firms : micro-level evidence on job creation and productivity growth
2016
Tässä tutkielmassa analysoidaan kasvuyritysten sekä tieto- ja viestintäteknologian (ICT) kontribuutioita työpaikkojen luomiseen ja työn tuottavuuteen. Suomen talouden kehitys on ollut heikkoa viimeisen vuosikymmenen ajan globaalista finanssikriisistä johtuen. Työttömyys on noussut korkealle tasolle ja työn tuottavuuden kasvu hidastunut, ja lopulta pysähtynyt. Lisäksi on keskusteltu siitä, syntyykö Suomeen uusia työpaikkoja. Tässä tutkielmassa pyritään tarjoamaan empiiriseen tutkimukseen perustuvaa tietoa Suomen talouskasvun lähteistä. Tutkielmassa esitetään kasvuteorian lisäksi kasvuyrittäjyyteen liittyvää teoriataustaa sekä aiempaa kirjallisuutta. Lisäksi esitellään yrityksen elinkaareen l…
Le cadre de sante entre logiques d'utilité économique et logiques de soins hospitaliers
2010
The public hospital first line manager has to organize the activity of his care unit on the basis of arbitrations between two systems of logic that come more and more frequently in conflict: - The market logic / the public hospital logic - The care process logic / the patient's path logic - The function logic / the professional logic - The managerial logic / the logic "bureaucratic"
Topics on firms´ estrategic desicions in a developing country: the case of manufacturing in Colombia
2020
Dentro del marco de la globalización, se hace cada vez más urgente que las empresas manufactureras ganen competitividad en los mercados nacionales y extranjeros. La presión ejercida por la competencia interna pero principalmente por la externa tiene una influencia directa que estimula a las empresas a generar estrategias que les permitan enfrentar a las empresas rivales en el corto y mediano plazo, no solo para ampliar su participación en los mercados sino también para garantizar su supervivencia a largo plazo (Wagner, 2013). Estas estrategias son diversas e incluyen la introducción de innovaciones, actividades de exportación de bienes finales, importación de bienes intermedios, la inclusió…
Appropriate technology in a Solovian nonlinear growth model
2007
We propose a Solovian growth model with a convex-concave production function and international technological spillovers. We test the empirical implications of the model, analysing the effects of the productivity slowdown that followed the oil shocks of the 1970s. We argue that this slowdown, altering the world income distribution, affected the pattern of international technological spillovers, taking the poorest countries further away from the technological leaders, and therefore unable to exploit their technologies. The result is the emergence of a poverty trap for low-income countries.
- SHADOW PRICES AND DISTANCE FUNCTIONS: AN ANALYSIS FOR FIRMS OF THE SPANISH CERAMIC PAVEMENTS INDUSTRY.
1999
This paper deals with the calculation of shadow prices for two industrial wastes generated on their production processes by a sample of eighteen firms belonging to the Spanish ceramic pavements industry. These prices are used to construct a corrected index of productivity which allows for considering wastes going with the production of marketable goods. It is followed the ethodologicalapproach first proposed by Färe, Grosskopf, Lovell y Yaisawarng (1993), which establishes a duality between distance and revenue functions. The shadow prices obtained for watery muds and used oils allow to measure in terms of a loss of marketable output the cost of achieving a marginal reduction in the product…
Smart Cities and a Stochastic Frontier Analysis: A Comparison among European Cities
2013
The level of interest in smart cities is growing, and the recent literature on this topic (Holland, 2008; Caragliu et al., 2009, Nijkamp et al., 2011 and Lombardi et al., 2012) identifies a number of factors that characterise a city as smart, such as economic development, environment, human capital, culture and leisure, and e-governance. Thus, the smartness concept is strictly linked to urban efficiency in a multifaceted way. A seminal research for European policy conducted by Giffinger et al. (2007) defines a smart city on the basis of several intangible indicators, such as a smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, and smart governance. These authors’ …
Are you a Good Employee or Simply a Good Guy? Infl?uence Costs and Contract Design.
2012
We develop a principal-agent model with a moral hazard problem in which the principal has access to a hard signal (the level of output) and a soft signal (the supervision signal) about the agent?s level of effort. We show that the agent?'s ability to manipulate the soft signal increases the cost of implementing the effcient equilibrium, leading to wage compression when the infl?uence cost is privately incurred by the agent. When manipulation activities negatively affect the agent?s productivity through the level of output, the design of infl?uence-free contracts that deter manipulation may lead to high-powered incentives. This result implies that high-productivity workers face incentive sch…
On international spillovers
2012
Abstract This study investigates the role of international spillovers in generating productivity gains for a panel of 24 OECD countries during the period between 1971 and 2004. We use recent techniques developed in a common factor framework to characterize the global interdependence implied by international spillovers and the diffusion mechanisms involved. Consistently with some recent studies in this field, the evidence suggests that there are substantial cross-country spillovers mainly related to R&D and human capital variables, which contribute significantly to productivity.