Search results for "PROPERTY"
showing 10 items of 955 documents
Histoire et évolution des appellations d'origine françaises
2019
During the 20th century, wine appellations of origin have largely developed to represent a significant part of the wine production of some countries, especially in Europe. The globalization of the production, trade and consumption of wine is a major fact of the 21st century economy. The question of appellations of origin and more generally geographical indications must be asked: Is it a survival 100 years after the first law on appellations of origin was adopted in France? Historical knowledge makes it possible to understand how law, both national and international, has been marked by major developments in this area. Regulations on the origin of products have undergone significant changes o…
Homopolymerization of styrenic monomers and their copolymerization with ethylene using group 4 non‐metallocene catalysts
2020
Homopolymerization of styrenic monomers (St, p ‐Me‐St, p ‐t Bu‐St, p ‐t BuO‐St) and their copolymerization with ethylene, with the use of [( t Bu2O2NN′)ZrCl]2(μ‐O) (1 ) and ( t Bu2O2NN′)TiCl2 (2 ), where t Bu2O2NN′ = Me2N(CH2)2N(CH2‐2‐O−‐3,5‐t Bu2‐C6H2)2, is explored in the presence of MMAO and (i Bu)3Al/Ph3CB(C6F5)4. The ethylene/styrenic monomers copolymerization with 1 /MMAO produces exclusively copolymers with high activity and good comonomer incorporation whereas the other catalytic systems yield mixtures of copolymers and homopolymers. The use of p ‐alkyl styrene derivatives instead of styrene raises the catalytic activity, comonomer incorporation and molecular weights of the copolyme…
Justice Perceptions as Predictors of Customer Satisfaction: The Impact of Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice1
2006
This article attempts to extend prior research by testing the effects of justice components (distributive, procedural, and interactional) on customer satisfaction beyond the expectancy disconfirmation paradigm. To this end, two separate field survey studies were conducted. A total of 568 customers were surveyed in 38 hotels and 40 restaurants. The results showed that distributive justice was critical in predicting customer satisfaction, while the influence of procedural and interactional justice was secondary. Justice concepts were also robust against the simultaneous inclusion of disconfirmation and performance in the satisfaction equation. The article concludes with theoretical and manage…
Inductive types in homotopy type theory
2012
Homotopy type theory is an interpretation of Martin-L\"of's constructive type theory into abstract homotopy theory. There results a link between constructive mathematics and algebraic topology, providing topological semantics for intensional systems of type theory as well as a computational approach to algebraic topology via type theory-based proof assistants such as Coq. The present work investigates inductive types in this setting. Modified rules for inductive types, including types of well-founded trees, or W-types, are presented, and the basic homotopical semantics of such types are determined. Proofs of all results have been formally verified by the Coq proof assistant, and the proof s…
The fluted fragment with transitive relations
2022
Abstract The fluted fragment is a fragment of first-order logic (without equality) in which, roughly speaking, the order of quantification of variables coincides with the order in which those variables appear as arguments of predicates. It is known that this fragment has the finite model property. We consider extensions of the fluted fragment with various numbers of transitive relations, as well as the equality predicate. In the presence of one transitive relation (together with equality), the finite model property is lost; nevertheless, we show that the satisfiability and finite satisfiability problems for this extension remain decidable. We also show that the corresponding problems in the…
Monoids and Maximal Codes
2011
In recent years codes that are not Uniquely Decipherable (UD) are been studied partitioning them in classes that localize the ambiguities of the code. A natural question is how we can extend the notion of maximality to codes that are not UD. In this paper we give an answer to this question. To do this we introduce a partial order in the set of submonoids of a monoid showing the existence, in this poset, of maximal elements that we call full monoids. Then a set of generators of a full monoid is, by definition, a maximal code. We show how this definition extends, in a natural way, the existing definition concerning UD codes and we find a characteristic property of a monoid generated by a maxi…
Generating a Gray code for prefix normal words in amortized polylogarithmic time per word
2020
A prefix normal word is a binary word with the property that no substring has more $1$s than the prefix of the same length. By proving that the set of prefix normal words is a bubble language, we can exhaustively list all prefix normal words of length $n$ as a combinatorial Gray code, where successive strings differ by at most two swaps or bit flips. This Gray code can be generated in $\Oh(\log^2 n)$ amortized time per word, while the best generation algorithm hitherto has $\Oh(n)$ running time per word. We also present a membership tester for prefix normal words, as well as a novel characterization of bubble languages.
An Empirical Study of the Relation Between Community Structure and Transitivity
2012
One of the most prominent properties in real-world networks is the presence of a community structure, i.e. dense and loosely interconnected groups of nodes called communities. In an attempt to better understand this concept, we study the relationship between the strength of the community structure and the network transitivity (or clustering coefficient). Although intuitively appealing, this analysis was not performed before. We adopt an approach based on random models to empirically study how one property varies depending on the other. It turns out the transitivity increases with the community structure strength, and is also affected by the distribution of the community sizes. Furthermore, …
Generalized Logical Operations among Conditional Events
2018
We generalize, by a progressive procedure, the notions of conjunction and disjunction of two conditional events to the case of n conditional events. In our coherence-based approach, conjunctions and disjunctions are suitable conditional random quantities. We define the notion of negation, by verifying De Morgan’s Laws. We also show that conjunction and disjunction satisfy the associative and commutative properties, and a monotonicity property. Then, we give some results on coherence of prevision assessments for some families of compounded conditionals; in particular we examine the Frechet-Hoeffding bounds. Moreover, we study the reverse probabilistic inference from the conjunction $\mathcal…
Community characterization of heterogeneous complex systems
2011
We introduce an analytical statistical method to characterize the communities detected in heterogeneous complex systems. By posing a suitable null hypothesis, our method makes use of the hypergeometric distribution to assess the probability that a given property is over-expressed in the elements of a community with respect to all the elements of the investigated set. We apply our method to two specific complex networks, namely a network of world movies and a network of physics preprints. The characterization of the elements and of the communities is done in terms of languages and countries for the movie network and of journals and subject categories for papers. We find that our method is ab…