Search results for "PROTECTION"
showing 10 items of 1623 documents
Protecting 3D service marks in the EU: the trademark registration dilemma
2020
The thesis aims to illuminate the ill-defined requirements and their theoretical applicability of registering a three-dimensional service mark consisting of a store layout in the wake of the Apple judgement in 2014, granting for the possibility of registering a sign lacking in absolute sizes, relative proportions, as long as the sign passes the “departs significantly” criterion, a relative concept primed for misapplication. Given the market power of certain multinational companies, granting trademark protection on their business environs in the EU may result in distorted competition by abusing the existing legal system. Throughout the analysis the thesis concludes that minimalism-inspired l…
Are tariffs bad for growth? Yes, say five decades of data from 150 countries☆
2020
Abstract The empirical evidence on the growth effects of import tariffs is sparse in the literature, notwithstanding strong views held by the public and politicians. Using an annual panel of macroeconomic data for 151 countries over 1963–2014, we find that tariff increases are associated with an economically and statistically sizeable and persistent decline in output growth. Thus, fears that the ongoing trade war may be costly for the world economy in terms of foregone output growth are justified.
Transatlantic Trade Wars: The United States and the European Union in Endless Confrontation
2018
Considering two highly interlinked economies of such tremendous size as the United States (US) respectively the European Union (EU), it does not come as a surprise that these circumstances inevitably provide fertile soil for transatlantic trade disputes to thrive. In spite of their decisive contribution to the postwar trade liberalization process, the two giants never quit being protectionist in certain particular domains considered sensitive for one part or the other. Sensitive domains are those in which nations fear competition from abroad, in apprehension of being disruptive to their own economy. Usually sectors that are incapable of withstanding foreign competition, most often agricultu…
Trademarks and Cyberspace
2006
Trademark law aids consumers who use trademarks in the marketplace to identify swiftly and without problems a product they liked or disliked in the past, distinguishing among the different competing manufacturers of a product. No one is entitled to sell or deliver commodities under the appearance that the commodities derive from someone else. The importance of consumer protection cannot be over-emphasized and the average consumer standard should remain the central point of the inquiry, even under domain name litigation. Replacing the initial interest confusion doctrine is one decisive step, along with the introduction of a doctrine representing the fact that there should be no confusion at …
L'existence d'un investissement litigieux, condition de la saisine du tribunal arbitral prévu par un traité bilatéral d'investissement
2009
International audience; (Paris, 1re ch. C, 25 sept. 2008, n° 07/04675, République Tchèque, D. 2009. Jur. 917, note M. Audit)
Pharmacologic Inhibition of ADAM10 Attenuates Brain Tissue Loss, Axonal Injury and Pro-inflammatory Gene Expression Following Traumatic Brain Injury …
2021
The α-secretase A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) regulates various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Despite its broad functional implications during development, plasticity, and disease, no pharmacological approaches to inhibit ADAM10 in acute brain injury have been reported. Here, we examined the effects of the ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X on the neurological and histopathological outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). C57BL/6N mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI or sham procedure and received GI254023X or vehicle during the acute phase of injury (n = 40, 100 mg/kg, 25% DMSO, 0.1 M Na2CO3, intraperitoneal, 30 …
Lifestyle dependent occurrence of airborne fungi
2018
Abstract. Fungi play important roles in the environment, agriculture, and human health. Most fungal species spread by wind-driven dispersal of spores, determining their occurrence and distribution in different environments. The dynamics of airborne fungi and their dependence on lifestyle and environmental conditions, however, are not well characterized. Here, we categorize the fungi detected in coarse and fine aerosol samples from continental boundary layer air using a lifestyle classification scheme that differentiates whether the fungi are (A) primarily associated to herbaceous or woody plants and (B), whether they are saprophytic, plant pathogenic, or surface inhabitants. Herbaceous fung…
Análisis del comportamiento de la demanda de turismo rural desde la experiencia de la comarca El Alto Palancia
2004
This study is intended to delve into the tastes and preferences of tourists visiting rural areas in Spain as an alternative to the traditional sun and beach holiday that dominates Spanish tourism. This paper is focused on the demand side of rural tourism; more specifically the extent to which tourists visiting a Spanish rural area. El Alto Palancia region, exhibit different behaviours depending on age, gender, incomes and educational background. The homogeneity of behaviour across several categories of tourists was tested in two sets of variables. First, «interest in certain resources associated with rural tourism», focused on natural and architectural resources that sustains the tourist's …
La competenza materiale della Procura europea: un diritto penale europeo a geometria variabile?
2022
Il contributo delinea i caratteri principali e i significati ritenuti più rilevanti rispetto alla evoluzione del diritto penale europeo che si collegano alla svolta rappresentata dall’introduzione di un ufficio investigativo unitario dell’Unione europea. In particolare si mette a fuoco la materia attribuita alla competenza del nuovo ufficio investigativo europeo, che ruota intorno alla tutela degli interessi finanzairi della Unione Europea. Si segnala quindi che anche la possibile apertura a nuovi spazi di azione per il nuovo organo europea, pure prefigurata dal Trattato UE (art.86) non copra l’intero arco dei diritti della persona rilevanti nella Carta dei diritti fondamentali UE. Al conte…
Article 53 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union on the level of protection
2022
El document forma part dels materials docents presentants al Servei de Política Lingüística de la Universitat de València, convocatòria Premis Fernando Sapiña 2022 a la qüalitat lingüística en l’elaboració de materials docents en valencià i en anglès. In this publication, I comment you the article 53 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union on the level of protection.