Search results for "PSA-NCAM"
showing 6 items of 16 documents
Chronic fluoxetine treatment alters the structure, connectivity and plasticity of cortical interneurons
2014
Novel hypotheses suggest that antidepressants, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, induce neuronal structural plasticity, resembling that of the juvenile brain, although the underlying mechanisms of this reopening of the critical periods still remain unclear. However, recent studies suggest that inhibitory networks play an important role in this structural plasticity induced by fluoxetine. For this reason we have analysed the effects of a chronic fluoxetine treatment in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of transgenic mice displaying eGFP labelled interneurons. We have found an increase in the expression of molecules related to critical period pla…
PSA Depletion Induces the Differentiation of Immature Neurons in the Piriform Cortex of Adult Mice
2021
Immature neurons are maintained in cortical regions of the adult mammalian brain. In rodents, many of these immature neurons can be identified in the piriform cortex based on their high expression of early neuronal markers, such as doublecortin (DCX) and the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM). This molecule plays critical roles in different neurodevelopmental events. Taking advantage of a DCX-CreERT2/Flox-EGFP reporter mice, we investigated the impact of targeted PSA enzymatic depletion in the piriform cortex on the fate of immature neurons. We report here that the removal of PSA accelerated the final development of immature neurons. This was revealed by a h…
New scenarios for neuronal structural plasticity in non-neurogenic brain parenchyma: the case of cortical layer II immature neurons
2011
The mammalian central nervous system, due to its interaction with the environment, must be endowed with plasticity. Conversely, the nervous tissue must be substantially static to ensure connectional invariability. Structural plasticity can be viewed as a compromise between these requirements. In adult mammals, brain structural plasticity is strongly reduced with respect to other animal groups in the phylogenetic tree. It persists under different forms, which mainly consist of remodeling of neuronal shape and connectivity, and, to a lesser extent, the production of new neurons. Adult neurogenesis is mainly restricted within two neurogenic niches, yet some gliogenic and neurogenic processes a…
Morphological alterations in the hippocampus of the Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome correlate with structural plasticity markers
2018
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal aneuploidy. Although trisomy on chromosome 21 can display variable phenotypes, there is a common feature among all DS individuals: the presence of intellectual disability. This condition is partially attributed to abnormalities found in the hippocampus of individuals with DS and in the murine model for DS, Ts65Dn. To check if all hippocampal areas were equally affected in 4-5 month adult Ts65Dn mice, we analysed the morphology of dentate gyrus granule cells and cornu ammonis pyramidal neurons using Sholl method on Golgi-Cox impregnated neurons. Structural plasticity has been analysed using immunohistochemistry for plasticity molecules follow…
Neuronal structural plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: regulation by Dopamine and PSA-NCAM
2011
Although there is a decline in brain plasticity across lifespan, neurons in certain areas of the adult brain retain the ability to undergo synaptic, dendritic and spine remodeling in response to different stimuli. This neuronal structural plasticity seems to be the basis for many cognitive processes and it is crucial for adaptive responses to aversive experiences and recovery from brain damage and disease. Among the numerous candidate molecules that have been identified for mediating this neuronal remodeling, cell adhesion molecules and, specially, the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), are of particular interest. The addition of polysialic acid (PSA) to the NCAM is critical for the stru…
Continuous neuronal integration in the cerebral cortex of rodents and humans
2021
La plasticidad neuronal es la capacidad del sistema nervioso para realizar cambios funcionales adaptativos, durante el desarrollo y la edad adulta. Se refiere a todo tipo de cambios que modifican la forma y estructura de las neuronas y de las células gliales del sistema nervioso central (SNC). Entre los diferentes niveles de plasticidad que ocurren en el cerebro adulto, la neurogénesis es un tipo de plasticidad cerebral, que implica la producción e incorporación continua de nuevas neuronas en las redes neuronales funcionales. En el cerebro de los mamíferos adultos, las nuevas neuronas se generan tradicionalmente en dos "nichos neurogénicos canónicos": la zona subventricular (SVZ) y la zona …