Search results for "PSU"
showing 10 items of 678 documents
Extra-nodal extension of sentinel lymph node metastasis is a marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and an explorato…
2016
Invasive breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Its most common site of metastasis is represented by the lymph nodes of axilla, and the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first station of nodal metastasis. Axillary SLN biopsy accurately predicts axillary lymph node status and has been accepted as standard of care for nodal staging in breast cancer. To date, the morphologic aspects of SLN metastasis have not been considered by the oncologic staging system. Extranodal extension (ENE) of nodal metastasis, defined as extension of neoplastic cells through the nodal capsule into the peri-nodal adipose tissue, has recently emerged as an important prognostic factor in several types of …
Vergleich von Malignitätskriterien in B-Scan- und Farbduplexsonographie mit dem histologischen Erscheinungsbild am Beispiel des experimentell induzie…
2005
BACKGROUND Malignant tumours of the head and the neck are characterised by typical signs of malignancy in greyscale- and colour-coded sonography. Sometimes, such criteria cannot be verified, and in such cases it remains unclear whether typical changes do not exist or whether we just cannot detect them with our high-end ultrasound units. We therefore compared our sonographical findings with the histology obtained in experimentally induced tumours. METHODS Experimental squamous cell carcinoma was induced subcutaneously in nude mice (n = 18), using four different cell lines. Ultrasound examination of the tumours was performed after 98 and 112 days, respectively, Central necrosis, rupture of th…
Delivering all in one: Antigen-nanocapsule loaded with dual adjuvant yields superadditive effects by DC-directed T cell stimulation
2018
Therapeutic vaccination is and remains a major challenge, particularly in cancer treatment. In this process, the effective activation of dendritic cells by a combination of distinctly acting adjuvants and an antigen is crucial for success. While most common vaccine formulations lack the efficiency to trigger sufficient T cell responses in a therapeutic tumor treatment, nanovaccines offer unique properties to tackle that challenge. Here, we report the stepwise development of a nanocapsule for vaccination approaches, comprising a shell consisting of antigen and loaded with a superadditive adjuvant combination. In a first initial step, we identified the combination of resiquimod (R848) and mur…
Carbonate deposition and diagenesis in evaporitic environments: The evaporative and sulphur-bearing limestones during the settlement of the Messinian…
2015
The depositional and diagenetic processes involved in the formation of carbonates in the evaporitic environment of the Messinian Salinity Crisis are investigated in Southern Italy (Sicily and Calabria). Strong differences are observed between the studied sections that reflect specific depositional and diagenetic evolution in the interconnected sub-basins resulting from the syn-sedimentary tectonic fragmentation of the Central Sicilian and Calabrian domains. These carbonates formed diachronously in restricted perched sub-basins between the Tripoli Formation and the hypersaline settings of the MSC. The Calcare di Base (CdB) that can be interbedded with gypsum layers occurs rhythmically at the…
‘Not All That Is White Is Lime’-White Substances from Archaeological Burial Contexts: Analyses and Interpretations
2019
Archaeological burial contexts may include a variety of white substances, but few analyses have been published. This study reports on the physico‐chemical characterization of such residues from seven archaeological sites. It is often assumed that white materials from burial contexts are lime. Our findings demonstrate that they can be gypsum, calcite (chalk), aragonite, brushite, degraded metal, natural (gum) resins or synthetic polymer–based products. These may be present as the result of diagenetic processes, funerary practices or modern contamination. This paper provides an analytical approach for the holistic investigation of white materials encountered in burial contexts.
Structure-Dependent Dissolution and Restructuring of Calcite Surfaces by Organophosphonates
2017
Organophosphonates are well-known to strongly interact with the surfaces of various minerals, such as brucite, gypsum, and barite. In this work, we study the influence of six systematically varied organophosphonate molecules (tetraphosphonates and diphosphonates) on the dissolution process of the (10.4) surface of calcite. In order to pursue a systematic study, we have selected organophosphonates that exhibit similar structural features, but also systematic architectural differences. The effect of this class of additives on the dissolution process of the calcite (10.4) surface is evaluated using in situ dynamic atomic force microscopy. For all of the six organophosphonate derivatives, we ob…
Reactivity of gypsum faces according to the relative humidity by scanning force microscopy
1997
Abstract This article reports the experimental observation of the stability of the different faces of calcium sulphate dihydrate (gypsum CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) according to the relative humidity. Scanning Force Microscopy experiments were carried out with a view to discerning the topography of the surfaces, the chemical compositional domains, and in an attempt to evaluate the friction and viscoelastic properties of the surface. Our results indicate that the (010) face of gypsum is hydrophilic and very reactive contrary to the less hydrophilic (120) and (101) faces which remain stable depending on the relative humidity. It is clear from our results that a precipitation like process can be induced b…
Multianalytical Approach to explain the darkening process of hematite pigment in paintings from ancient Pompeii after accelerated weathering experime…
2013
[EN] In this paper, recently excavated fresco painting fragments from the House of Marcus Lucretius (Pompeii) and not exposed to the atmosphere since the eruption of the Mount Vesuvius were subjected to a controlled SO2 atmosphere and high relative humidity. These experiments were conducted in order to simulate under accelerated conditions the possible deterioration of the hematite pigment and plaster. The mineralogical transformation of the polychromy and plaster was monitored using mainly Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive technique, but also infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). After different exposure cycles to…
A new simple approach to evaluate pedogenic clay transformation in a Vertic Calcisol
2006
The aim of this study is to characterize the pedogenic clay minerals by using simple approach: Mixing mineralogical and geochemical findings. The fine clay fractions (< 0.1 μm) of a Vertic Cambisol profile were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Qualitative and quantitative mineralogical compositions of the clay mixture were determined. Moreover, chemical equilibria and thermodynamic stabilities of minerals (calcite, gypsum, kaolinite, smectites and illites) were studied using results of ionic activities obtained from total concentration of various aqueous species in water extracts from soil-saturated pastes. XRD ana…
Small scale secondary CaCO3 accumulations in selected sections of the European loess belt. Morphological forms and potential for paleoenvironmental r…
1997
Eighteen important Quaternary loess paleosoil sites have been studied across the European loess belt. They included approximately 50 buried soils, the over and/or underlying loess and the present-day surface soils (where possible). From the numerous types of secondary CaCO3 accumulations recognized, only the small scale accumulations are discussed in this paper, including calcified root cells, CaCO3 hypocoatings, needle-fiber calcite, powdery calcite coatings, earthworm biospheroliths, and calcite pseudomorphs on gypsum. Most of the features studied are found in the rhizosphere microecosystem. Each of these features showed a unique relationship with organic matter, micro-organism and plant …